- an elder; a senior
- to refer broadly to; general term
- senior
- (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ...; (after a noun) person involved in ...; -er; -ist; (used after a number or 後|后[hou4] or 前[qian2] to refer to sth mentioned previously); (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term); (old) (used at the end of a command); (old) this
- to rest; to take a break; to stop; to halt; (dialect) to sleep; a moment; a short while
- the state of Chu, one of the most important of the small states contending for power in China between 770 and 223 BC, located around present-day Hubei
- lord; nobility; nobleman; noblewoman; aristocrat; aristocracy
- then (as in "the then chairman")
- 左 zǔo: 左 zuo3: left; the Left (politics); east; unorthodox; queer; wrong; differing; opposite左 Zǔo: 左 Zuo3: surname Zuo
- 徒 tú: 徒 tu2: (bound form) disciple; apprentice; believer; (derog.) wrongdoer (as in 騙徒|骗徒[pian4 tu2] "swindler" or 叛徒[pan4 tu2] "traitor" etc); (bound form) on foot; (bound form) bare; empty; (bound form) to no avail; in vain; (bound form) merely; just; only; (bound form) prison sentence徒 Tú: 徒 Tu2: surname Tu
- 考 kǎo: 考 kao3: to beat; to hit; to inspect; to test; to take an exam考 kǎo: 考 kao3: to check; to verify; to test; to examine; to take an exam; to take an entrance exam for; deceased father
- ardent; intense; fierce; stern; upright; to give one's life for a noble cause; exploits; achievements
- to succeed to the throne; accession
- 封 Fēng: 封 Feng1: surname Feng封 fēng: 封 feng1: to confer; to grant; to bestow a title; to seal; classifier for sealed objects, esp. letters
- 给 gěi: 给 gei3: to; for; for the benefit of; to give; to allow; to do sth (for sb); (grammatical equivalent of 被); (grammatical equivalent of 把); (sentence intensifier)给 jǐ: 给 ji3: to supply; to provide
- see 淮北市[Huai2 bei3 Shi4]
- twelve; 12
- county; (Japan) prefecture
- respect for the wise
- diner (in a restaurant etc); hanger-on; sponger
- around; from beginning to end; all around; front and rear
- 相 xiāng: 相 xiang1: each other; one another; mutually; fret on the neck of a pipa 琵琶[pi2 pa5] (a fret on the soundboard is called a 品[pin3])相 Xiāng: 相 Xiang1: surname Xiang相 xiàng: 相 xiang4: appearance; portrait; picture; government minister; (physics) phase; (literary) to appraise (esp. by scrutinizing physical features); to read sb's fortune (by physiognomy, palmistry etc)
- to defeat; to damage; to lose (to an opponent); to fail; to wither
- see 邯鄲市|邯郸市[Han2 dan1 Shi4]
- (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his; (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日[ta1 ri4] and 他人[ta1 ren2])
- to save; to assist; to rescue
- to defeat; to beat
- the Qin army (model for the terracotta warriors)
- not long (after); before too long; soon; soon after
- (once) again; also; both... and...; and yet; (used for emphasis) anyway
- to extinguish or put out; to go out (of a fire etc); to exterminate or wipe out; to drown
- 鲁 Lǔ: 鲁 Lu3: surname Lu; Lu, an ancient state of China 魯國|鲁国[Lu3 guo2]; short name for Shandong 山東|山东[Shan1 dong1]鲁 lǔ: 鲁 lu3: (bound form) crass; stupid; rude; (used to represent the sounds of "ru", "lu" etc in loanwords)
- to die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid; extremely; damned
- remote; hidden away; secluded; serene; peaceful; to imprison; in superstition indicates the underworld; ancient district spanning Liaonang and Hebei provinces
- 立 Lì: 立 Li4: surname Li立 lì: 立 li4: to stand; to set up; to establish; to lay down; to draw up; at once; immediately
- maternal uncle
- 李 lǐ: 李 li3: plum李 Lǐ: 李 Li3: surname Li
- 园 yuán: 园 yuan2: land used for growing plants; site used for public recreation; abbr. for a place ending in 園|园, such as a botanical garden 植物園|植物园, kindergarten 幼兒園|幼儿园 etc园 Yuán: 园 Yuan2: surname Yuan
- alone; independent; single; sole; only
- without authority; to usurp; to arrogate to oneself; to monopolize; expert in; to be good at
- (historical) affairs of state at the imperial court
- 将 qiāng: 将 qiang1: to desire; to invite; to request将 jiāng: 将 jiang1: will; shall; to use; to take; to checkmate; just a short while ago; (introduces object of main verb, used in the same way as 把[ba3])将 jiàng: 将 jiang4: (bound form) a general; (literary) to command; to lead; (Chinese chess) general (on the black side, equivalent to a king in Western chess)
- to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); to treat (a disease); to wipe out (a pest); to punish; to research