- Kong Yingda (574-648), Confucian scholar
- to give verbal instruction
- Zheng Xuan (127-200), late Han scholar
- letter; note-paper
- to cut down; to fell; to dispatch an expedition against; to attack; to boast; Taiwan pr. [fa1]
- Shikoku (one of the four main islands of Japan)
- prosperous; henry (unit of inductance)
- apparatus; rites; appearance; present; ceremony
- French language
- to obey; to follow; to arrange; to make reasonable; along; favorable
- Mr Gongyang's Annals or commentary on 春秋[Chun1 qiu1], early history, probably written by multiple authors during Han dynasty, same as 公羊春秋[Gong1 yang2 Chun1 qiu1]
- 春 Chūn: 春 Chun1: surname Chun春 chūn: 春 chun1: spring (season); gay; joyful; youthful; love; lust; life
- first month of the lunar year
- to fall; to drop
- to award; to confer
- model; example (for people to follow); (in reference to a person) role model
- who; also pr. [shui2]
- 武 Wǔ: 武 Wu3: surname Wu武 wǔ: 武 wu3: martial; military
- to withdraw the mandate of heaven (and transition to a new dynasty) (original meaning); revolution; revolutionary; to revolt (against sb or sth); to revolutionize (sth); (separable verb sometimes used in the pattern 革noun的命); CL:次[ci4]
- 戎 Róng: 戎 Rong2: surname Rong戎 róng: 戎 rong2: generic term for weapons (old); army (matters); military affairs
- to capture
- 纣 zhòu: 纣 zhou4: crupper (harness strap running over a horse's hindquarters and under its tail)纣 Zhòu: 纣 Zhou4: Zhou, pejorative name given posthumously to the last king of the Shang dynasty, King Zhou of Shang 商紂王|商纣王[Shang1 Zhou4 Wang2] (the name refers to a crupper 紂|纣[zhou4], the piece of horse tack most likely to be soiled by the horse)
- 牧 Mù: 牧 Mu4: surname Mu牧 mù: 牧 mu4: to herd; to breed livestock; to govern (old); government official (old)
- (bound form) to seek by inquiry; (bound form) to visit; to call on
- winnow basket
- bright; light; to shine; to flash; loud and clear; to show (one's passport etc); to make public (one's views etc)
- to restrain; to check; to hold back
- man of sixty or seventy
- treason
- fashion; fad; fashionable
- cause; reason; karma; fate; predestined affinity; margin; hem; edge; along
- to arrange; to line up; file; series; (in data tables) column; (Tw) row
- 兆 Zhào: 兆 Zhao4: surname Zhao兆 zhào: 兆 zhao4: (bound form) omen; to foretell; million; mega-; (Tw) trillion; tera-; (old) billion
- new; newborn; emerging; nascent; rebirth; regeneration; new life; new student
- 采 cǎi: 采 cai3: to pick; to pluck; to collect; to select; to choose; to gather采 cǎi: 采 cai3: color; complexion; looks采 cài: 采 cai4: used in 采邑[cai4 yi4] and 采地[cai4 di4]
- litigation
- to argue; to quarrel
- 大王 dà wáng: 大王 da4 wang2: king; magnate; person having expert skill in something大王 dài wang: 大王 dai4 wang5: robber baron (in opera, old stories); magnate
- 追 dūi: 追 dui1: to sculpt; to carve; musical instrument (old)追 zhūi: 追 zhui1: to chase; to pursue; to look into; to investigate; to reminisce; to recall; to court (one's beloved); to binge-watch (a TV drama); retroactively; posthumously
- Yu the Great (c. 21st century BC), mythical leader who tamed the floods; surname Yu
- to assist; to complement; auxiliary
- (bound form) ordinary; numerous; (bound form) pertaining to a concubine (contrasted with 嫡[di2])