- due to; to stem from
- a text (article, script, contract etc); version of a text (copy, translation, abridged version etc); (computing) text
- prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity; old (of people); venerable (person); experienced; of long standing; always; all the time; of the past; very; outdated; (of meat etc) tough
- (literary) to raise an army; to dispatch troops
- brutal; tyrannical
- female; woman; daughter
- splendid virtue; majestic moral character; great kindness
- now; this moment
- the Five Classics of Confucianism, namely: the Book of Songs 詩經|诗经[Shi1 jing1], the Book of History 書經|书经[Shu1 jing1], the Classic of Rites 禮記|礼记[Li3 ji4], the Book of Changes 易經|易经[Yi4 jing1], and the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋[Chun1 qiu1]
- Zhou Dynasty; Western Zhou 西周 (1046-771 BC) and Eastern Zhou 東周|东周 (770-221 BC)
- omen; sign (that sth is about to happen); warning sign
- shallow and crude; meager (knowledge or skill)
- pedantic; trite; inflexible; adherence to old ideas
- frequently; constantly; regularly; often; day-to-day; everyday; daily
- whether (or not); if; is or isn't
- debate; argument; to argue over; CL:場|场[chang3],次[ci4]
- 打 dǎ: 打 da3: a semantically light, transitive verb that is combined with various grammatical objects to form compound verbs and verb-object phrases with a diverse range of meanings (e.g. 打傘|打伞[da3 san3] "to hold an umbrella", 打電話|打电话[da3 dian4 hua4] "to make a phone call", 打針|打针[da3 zhen1] "to get an injection", 打手套[da3 shou3 tao4] "to knit gloves", 打氣|打气[da3 qi4] "to inflate"); to hit; to strike; to fight; (coll.) from; since (as in 打那以後|打那以后[da3 na4 yi3 hou4] "since then")打 dá: 打 da2: (loanword) dozen; Taiwan pr. [da3]
- to quarrel; dispute
- father's father; paternal grandfather
- to lead; to command; to head
- name of an ancient county in Shaanxi
- to move; to shift; to change (a position or location etc); to promote
- surname Qi; also used in place names
- 狄 Dí: 狄 Di2: surname Di; generic name for northern ethnic minorities during the Qin and Han Dynasties (221 BC-220 AD)狄 dí: 狄 di2: low ranking public official (old)
- big and strong; formidable; powerful
- Gregorian calendar; solar calendar
- how?; what?; why?
- because; owing to; on account of
- to follow; to continue
- to progress (or increase, change etc) day by day; more (or better etc) with each passing day
- ordinary people; commoner (contrasted with the privileged); civilian (contrasted with the military)
- identity; aspect of one's identity (e.g. mayor, father, permanent resident); role; capacity (as in "in his capacity as ..." 以[yi3] + ... + 的身份[de5 shen1 fen4]); status (social, legal etc); position; rank
- whetstone; (lit. and fig.) to hone; to sharpen; to encourage
- behavior; moral conduct
- twenty; 20
- thirty; 30
- to recommend; to offer sacrifice (arch.); grass; straw mat