- school begins; give a course; teach a subject
- instructor; lecturer
- to lecture; to teach
- 史 Shǐ: 史 Shi3: surname Shi史 shǐ: 史 shi3: history; annals; title of an official historian in ancient China
- to get a bird's-eye view; bird's-eye view; broad overview
- verse (as opposed to prose 散文[san3 wen2])
- lasting until; up till (the present)
- (archaic) to live in seclusion; to pass away
- to teach; to be a teacher; to train; to coach
- inextricably linked (idiom); inseparable
- to decline; to wane; weakened; enfeebled; in decline
- well-being; welfare
- very serious; grave; profound
- one's native country; native; local; metropolitan territory
- dizzy; dazzled
- not knowing what to do (idiom); at one's wits' end; embarrassed and at a complete loss
- when things reach an extreme, they can only move in the opposite direction (idiom)
- to despise; to look down on; to feel contempt for
- precious mineral deposits; hidden treasure; (fig.) treasure; (Buddhism) the treasure of Buddha's law
- to be convinced; to be sure; to firmly believe; to be positive that; definite news
- papers; stack of paper
- 药 yào: 药 yao4: leaf of the iris药 yào: 药 yao4: medicine; drug; substance used for a specific purpose (e.g. poisoning, explosion, fermenting); CL:種|种[zhong3],服[fu4],味[wei4]; to poison
- flourishing; thriving
- consider; estimate
- to generate; to produce; to form; to be formed; to come into being; to be born with; to be blessed with
- daring vanguard; pioneer; leading figure
- Aristotle (384-322 BC), Greek philosopher
- Hobbs (name)
- Charles Montesquieu (1689-1755), French political philosopher
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), Enlightenment philosopher
- jurist; member of the pre-Han legalist school
- to recommend; to introduce (from outside)
- to write; literary work; book; article; writings; CL:部[bu4]
- Mikolaj Kopernik or Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), Polish astronomer, mathematician and polymath
- (loanword) watt
- René Descartes (1596-1650) French philosopher
- broom