- the Ming dynasty (1368-1644)
- to engrave; to carve; hard steel
- Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
- to copy (a text) from person to person; (of a text) to be transmitted by copying
- pausing at the end of a phrase or sentence (in former times, before punctuation marks were used); punctuation; periods and commas; sentences and phrases
- definition; to define
- Chinese character dictionary (containing entries for single characters, contrasted with a 詞典|词典[ci2 dian3], which has entries for words of one or more characters); (coll.) dictionary; CL:本[ben3]
- dictionary; encyclopedia
- upper layer
- scientific principle; theoretical standpoint
- to impart; to pass on; to teach
- to come apart
- mountain and river exhausted (idiom); at the end of the line; nowhere to go
- University of Paris
- to build; to construct
- to sink (into ruin, oblivion); to be reduced to
- 胥 Xū: 胥 Xu1: surname Xu胥 xū: 胥 xu1: all; assist; to store
- to relay; to retell
- lit. an old horse knows the way home (idiom); fig. in difficulty, trust an experience colleague
- prominent and worthy personage
- 征 zhēng: 征 zheng1: journey; trip; expedition; to go on long campaign; to attack征 zhēng: 征 zheng1: to invite; to recruit; to levy (taxes); to draft (troops); phenomenon; symptom; characteristic sign (used as proof); evidence
- 吕 lǚ: 吕 lu:3: pitchpipe, pitch standard, one of the twelve semitones in the traditional tone system吕 Lǚ: 吕 Lu:3: surname Lü
- treasure; hard metal
- (gem)
- public and private (interests, initiative etc)
- foundation (institution supported by an endowment)
- (bound form) hero; heroic; outstanding person; prominent; distinguished
- Palace Museum, in the Forbidden City, Beijing; National Palace Museum, Taipei
- pottery and porcelain; ceramics
- jade artifact
- ocean; vastness
- red silk
- archaeologist
- 壮 Zhuàng: 壮 Zhuang4: Zhuang ethnic group, the largest ethnic minority in China壮 zhuàng: 壮 zhuang4: to strengthen; strong; robust
- American (i.e. of US nationality)