- to not have had time; to have not yet; not to touch upon
- to achieve; to implement; to realize; to bring about
- the world in chaos; troubled times; (in Buddhism) the mortal world
- before one's eyes; now; at present
- 西 xī: 西 xi1: west西 Xī: 西 Xi1: the West; abbr. for Spain 西班牙[Xi1 ban1 ya2]; Spanish
- 力 Lì: 力 Li4: surname Li力 lì: 力 li4: power; force; strength; ability; strenuously
- to invade; to encroach; to infringe; to approach
- non-Han people, esp. to the East of China; barbarians; to wipe out; to exterminate; to tear down; to raze
- to distinguish; to recognize
- ups and downs (of life etc); to drift along; to sink and emerge
- to meet the eye; eye-catching; conspicuous
- is not; has never been; never occurring; unprecedented
- ache; pain; sorrow; deeply; thoroughly
- great mansion on the verge of collapse (idiom); hopeless situation
- already; since; both... (and...)
- lit. carved railings and jade steps (idiom); fig. richly ornamented (building)
- 应 yìng: 应 ying4: to answer; to respond; to comply with; to deal or cope with应 Yīng: 应 Ying1: surname Ying; Taiwan pr. [Ying4]应 yīng: 应 ying1: to agree (to do sth); should; ought to; must; (legal) shall
- unreconciled to; not resigned to; unwilling
- sad; sadness; sorrow; grief
- ending up as; leading to; resulting in; in total
- (of mist, snow, floodwater etc) a vast expanse of whiteness
- clean; neat
- dull; dry
- a period of time in the recent past; (indicating a period of time up to the present) all along; the whole time
- to understand clearly; to be sensible or reasonable; understanding
- desperate straits
- 辟 bì: 辟 bi4: (literary) king; monarch; (literary) (of a sovereign) to summon to official service辟 pì: 辟 pi4: penal law辟 pì: 辟 pi4: to open (a door); to open up (for development); to dispel; to refute; to repudiate; (bound form) penetrating; incisive
- to be infatuated with
- an essay in eight parts; stereotyped writing
- essay on current affairs submitted to the emperor as policy advice (old)
- to see
- to doubt; to distrust; unconvincing; to puzzle over; misgivings; suspicions
- Western style
- light; ray (CL:道[dao4]); bright; shiny; only; merely; used up; finished; to leave (a part of the body) uncovered
- lightning; electricity; electric (bound form); to get (or give) an electric shock; phone call or telegram etc; to send via telephone or telegram etc
- picture; image; film; movie; photograph; reflection; shadow; trace
- the West; the Occident; Western countries
- law and government; law and politics
- 待 dāi: 待 dai1: to stay; to remain待 dài: 待 dai4: to wait; to treat; to deal with; to need; going to (do sth); about to; intending to
- Xinhai Revolution (1911), which ended the Qing Dynasty
- to overthrow
- royalty; royal power
- 朝 cháo: 朝 chao2: imperial or royal court; government; dynasty; reign of a sovereign or emperor; court or assembly held by a sovereign or emperor; to make a pilgrimage to; facing; towards朝 Cháo: 朝 Chao2: abbr. for 朝鮮|朝鲜[Chao2 xian3] Korea朝 zhāo: 朝 zhao1: morning
- official (in an organization or government); administrator
- for the most part; many; most; the greater part; mostly