- to have become common practice (idiom); to become a general trend
- 季 Jì: 季 Ji4: surname Ji季 jì: 季 ji4: season; the last month of a season; fourth or youngest amongst brothers; classifier for seasonal crop yields
- later period; end stage; terminal
- numerous
- (typically preceded by 就…[jiu4 xx5] or 對…|对…[dui4 xx5] etc) as far as ... is concerned; speaking in terms of ...
- to read extensively; to be widely read
- 广 yǎn: 广 yan3: "house on a cliff" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 53), occurring in 店, 序, 底 etc广 guǎng: 广 guang3: wide; numerous; to spread广 Guǎng: 广 Guang3: surname Guang
- step one; first step
- to accept; to take; next; following
- new style; latest type
- college; school (old)
- to catch and hold on; to continue; to go on to do sth; to follow; to carry on; then; after that; subsequently; to proceed; to ensue; in turn; in one's turn
- Fusang, mythical island of ancient literature, often interpreted as Japan
- 长子 zhǎng zǐ: 长子 zhang3 zi3: eldest son长子 Zhǎng zǐ: 长子 Zhang3 zi3: see 長子縣|长子县[Zhang3 zi3 Xian4]
- Waseda University (private university in Tokyo)
- politics and law
- younger brother; CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4]
- see 民和回族土族自治縣|民和回族土族自治县[Min2 he2 Hui2 zu2 Tu3 zu2 Zi4 zhi4 xian4]
- younger male patrilineal cousin
- to attack; to accuse; to study; (LGBT) top
- military affairs; (attributive) military
- electricity; electric; electrical
- entire set
- plan; project; program; to plan; to map out; CL:個|个[ge4],項|项[xiang4]
- to implement; to carry out
- background (academic and work); curriculum vitae; résumé
- in succession; one after another; continuously
- to fill or stuff; (of a form etc) to fill in
- middle school
- Western learning (intellectual movement in the late Qing); also called 洋務運動|洋务运动
- faultless; complete; perfect; to leave nothing to be desired
- to extend; to stretch out
- imperial examination
- to enrich; rich; plentiful; abundant
- aspect; facet; level (political, psychological, spiritual etc); (geology) bedding plane
- before; formerly; previous; ago
- to serve as an official; an official; the two chess pieces in Chinese chess guarding the "general" or "king" 將|将[jiang4]
- scholar officials
- (lit. and fig.) field of vision; scope; horizon
- wide; open (spaces); to open up
- mold; type; style; model
- scholar
- statesman; politician; CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4],名[ming2]
- to make into; to change into; -ization; to ... -ize; to transform; abbr. for 化學|化学[hua4 xue2]
- old style
- fusion; to combine as one
- field of view; (fig.) outlook; perspective