- son; heir
- to depart from; to deviate from; deviation
- far more than; not just
- words; speech; to say; to talk
- phonetic fei or fi; (literary) rich with literary elegance; phi (Greek letter Φ, φ)
- the whole world; throughout the land; everything under the sun
- to receive in no small measure
- to seep in; to influence; to nurture; influence; training
- outstanding; excellent
- 通 tōng: 通 tong1: to go through; to know well; (suffix) expert; to connect; to communicate; open; to clear; classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc通 tòng: 通 tong4: classifier for an activity, taken in its entirety (tirade of abuse, stint of music playing, bout of drinking etc)
- capitalism
- country destroyed, its people annihilated (idiom); total destruction
- crisis
- corruption; to corrupt; to rot; rotten
- dark; darkly; darkness
- politics; political
- to push (e.g. for acceptance of a plan); to promote; to give impetus to
- to be determined; to be resolved
- to innovate; innovation
- to save; to assist; to rescue
- nationality; ethnic group
- at stake; in peril
- Tongmenghui, Sun Yat-sen's alliance for democracy, founded 1905, became the Guomindang 國民黨|国民党 in 1912
- to fly
- New Armies (modernized Qing armies, trained and equipped according to Western standards, founded after Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895)
- officer (military)
- former times; the olden days
- contrary; in reverse; inside out or upside down; to reverse; to return; to oppose; opposite; against; anti-; to rebel; to use analogy; instead; abbr. for 反切[fan3 qie4] phonetic system
- 骨 gū: 骨 gu1: used in 骨碌碌[gu1 lu4 lu4]; used in 骨碌[gu1 lu5]; used in 骨朵[gu1 duo5]骨 gǔ: 骨 gu3: bone
- cream; elite; essence; quintessence
- old language; the Classics; Classical Chinese as a literary model, esp. in Tang and Song prose; Classical Chinese as a school subject
- namely; that is; i.e.; prompt; at once; at present; even if; prompted (by the occasion); to approach; to come into contact; to assume (office); to draw near
- what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ...; (derog.) so-called
- to broadcast a time signal
- statecraft
- child; the younger generation
- how; what way; what
- to play a critical role (idiom); influential
- 挑 tiāo: 挑 tiao1: to carry on a shoulder pole; to choose; to pick; to nitpick挑 tiǎo: 挑 tiao3: to raise; to dig up; to poke; to prick; to incite; to stir up
- 万 mò: 万 mo4: used in 万俟[Mo4 qi2]万 Wàn: 万 Wan4: surname Wan万 wàn: 万 wan4: ten thousand; a great number
- to choose; to pick; to select; to elect
- to pick out; to select; to elect