- dealings; contacts; to go back and forth
- 无 wú: 无 wu2: not to have; no; none; not; to lack; un-; -less无 mó: 无 mo2: used in 南無|南无[na1 mo2]
- (literary) commoner; unlearned person (in former times, one who had not obtained an official degree); (old) temporary conscript
- cultivated individual; scholar; literati
- century
- a decade of a century (e.g. the Sixties); age; era; period; CL:個|个[ge4]
- 为 wéi: 为 wei2: as (in the capacity of); to take sth as; to act as; to serve as; to behave as; to become; to be; to do; by (in the passive voice)为 wèi: 为 wei4: because of; for; to
- center; heart; core
- to assemble; to concentrate; to mass; to build up; to marshal
- to rise; to raise; to get up; to set out; to start; to appear; to launch; to initiate (action); to draft; to establish; to get (from a depot or counter); verb suffix, to start; starting from (a time, place, price etc); classifier for occurrences or unpredictable events: case, instance; classifier for groups: batch, group
- surname Deng
- to hibernate
- 陶 Táo: 陶 Tao2: surname Tao陶 táo: 陶 tao2: pottery; pleased
- 孟 mèng: 孟 meng4: first month of a season; eldest amongst brothers孟 Mèng: 孟 Meng4: surname Meng
- 李 Lǐ: 李 Li3: surname Li李 lǐ: 李 li3: plum
- 济 jì: 济 ji4: to cross a river; to aid or relieve; to be of help济 Jǐ: 济 Ji3: used in place names associated with the Ji River 濟水|济水[Ji3 Shui3]; surname Ji济 jǐ: 济 ji3: used in 濟濟|济济[ji3 ji3]
- to wait for; to await; by the time; when; till; and so on; etc.; et al.; (bound form) class; rank; grade; (bound form) equal to; same as; (used to end an enumeration); (literary) (plural suffix attached to a personal pronoun or noun)
- liberalism
- intellectual; intelligentsia
- fourth of May, cf 五四運動|五四运动, national renewal movement that started with 4th May 1919 protest against the Treaty of Versailles
- around; from beginning to end; all around; front and rear
- to study abroad
- Europe and America; the West
- together
- overseas; abroad
- in succession; following closely
- to return to one's country
- (humble expression) to participate (in sth); to play a humble role in
- development; growth; to develop; to grow; to expand
- (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的[de5]); him; her; it
- 大学 dà xué: 大学 da4 xue2: university; college; CL:所[suo3]大学 Dà xué: 大学 Da4 xue2: the Great Learning, one of the Four Books 四書|四书[Si4 shu1] in Confucianism
- newspaper office
- research; a study; CL:項|项[xiang4]; to research; to look into
- mechanism; structure; organization; agency; institution; CL:所[suo3]
- to pass on (to future generations); passed on (from former times); a continued tradition; an inheritance
- 现代 Xiàn dài: 现代 Xian4 dai4: Hyundai, South Korean company现代 xiàn dài: 现代 xian4 dai4: modern times; modern age; modern era
- China
- knowledge; CL:門|门[men2]; intellectual