Vocabulary: 伏尔泰传
- until; (used in combination with words like 到[dao4] or 至[zhi4] in constructs of the form 到...為止|到...为止)
- France
- lord; nobility; nobleman; noblewoman; aristocrat; aristocracy
- from beginning to end; all along
- warlike
- (social) class; CL:個|个[ge4]
- repeatedly; time and again
- to rebel; to rise in revolt
- 致 zhì: 致 zhi4: (bound form) fine; delicate; exquisite致 zhì: 致 zhi4: (literary) to send; to transmit; to convey; (bound form) to cause; to lead to; consequently
- country; nation; state
- unable to; incapable of
- individual; personal; oneself
- (after a noun) between; among; amid; (used after certain bisyllabic words to form expressions indicating a short period of time, e.g. 彈指之間|弹指之间[tan2 zhi3 zhi1 jian1])
- to dispute; to disagree; to argue opinionatedly; to wrangle
- violent; fierce
- also
- as many as; no less than; not inferior to; as good as; on a par with
- political party; faction
- to arrive; most; to; until
- 六 lù: 六 lu4: used in place names六 lìu: 六 liu4: six; 6
- zero
- seven; 7
- in the years of; during those years; period (of dynasty or decade)
- to die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid; extremely; damned
- to duel; a duel; decisive struggle
- 直 zhí: 直 zhi2: straight; to straighten; fair and reasonable; frank; straightforward; (indicates continuing motion or action); vertical; vertical downward stroke in Chinese characters直 Zhí: 直 Zhi2: surname Zhi; Zhi (c. 2000 BC), fifth of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝[Yan2 di4] descended from Shennong 神農|神农[Shen2 nong2] Farmer God
- what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ...; (derog.) so-called
- 现代 xiàn dài: 现代 xian4 dai4: modern times; modern age; modern era现代 Xiàn dài: 现代 Xian4 dai4: Hyundai, South Korean company
- 这 zhè: 这 zhe4: (pronoun) this; these; (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun); (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. [zhei4], esp. in Beijing)这 zhèi: 这 zhei4: (coll.) this
- 种 zhǒng: 种 zhong3: seed; species; kind; type; classifier for types, kinds, sorts种 zhòng: 种 zhong4: to plant; to grow; to cultivate
- brand-new; spanking new
- might; formidable power
- those
- the Renaissance
- 期 qī: 期 qi1: period; cycle期 qī: 期 qi1: a period of time; phase; stage; classifier for issues of a periodical, courses of study; time; term; period; to hope; Taiwan pr. [qi2]
- (Mohism) master; leader; an authority; a prominent figure; tycoon; magnate
- no; not so; (bound form) not; un-
- to admit; to concede; to recognize; recognition (diplomatic, artistic etc); to acknowledge
- 曾 Zēng: 曾 Zeng1: surname Zeng曾 zēng: 曾 zeng1: great- (grandfather, grandchild etc)曾 céng: 曾 ceng2: once; already; ever (in the past); former; previously; (past tense marker used before verb or clause)
- 把 bà: 把 ba4: handle把 bǎ: 把 ba3: to hold; to grasp; to hold a baby in position to help it urinate or defecate; handlebar; classifier: handful, bundle, bunch; classifier for things with handles; (used to put the object before the verb: 把[ba3] + {noun} + {verb})
- they; them
- to restrain; to restrict; to keep down; or
- 压 yā: 压 ya1: to press; to push down; to keep under (control); pressure压 yà: 压 ya4: used in 壓根兒|压根儿[ya4 gen1 r5]; used in 壓馬路|压马路[ya4 ma3 lu4]; used in 壓板|压板[ya4 ban3]
- 过 gùo: 过 guo4: to cross; to go over; to pass (time); to celebrate (a holiday); to live; to get along; excessively; too-过 guo: 过 guo5: (experienced action marker)过 Gūo: 过 Guo1: surname Guo