- minister; diplomat performing ambassadorial role in Qing times, before regular diplomatic relations
- to replace; to take over (a position or post)
- 向 Xiàng: 向 Xiang4: surname Xiang向 xiàng: 向 xiang4: towards; to face; to turn towards; direction; to support; to side with; shortly before; formerly; always; all along; (suffix) suitable for ...; oriented to ...向 xiàng: 向 xiang4: to tend toward; to guide向 xiàng: 向 xiang4: direction; orientation; to face; to turn toward; to; towards; shortly before; formerly
- to congratulate; congratulations; CL:個|个[ge4]
- president (of a country); CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4],名[ming2],屆|届[jie4]
- who; also pr. [shui2]
- to replace; to supersede; to supplant; (chemistry) substitution
- successor
- indeed; really; reliable; real; true
- 世 Shì: 世 Shi4: surname Shi世 shì: 世 shi4: life; age; generation; era; world; lifetime; epoch; descendant; noble
- the only (choice, way etc); undivided (loyalty)
- representative work (of an author or artist)
- to diminish; to subside; to consume; to reduce; to idle away (the time); (after 不[bu4] or 只[zhi3] or 何[he2] etc) to need; to require; to take
- to insert; stick in; pierce; to take part in; to interfere; to interpose
- the middle; the inside; in the middle; within; between; among; during; in the meantime
- incoming letter; to send us a letter
- 明 Míng: 明 Ming2: Ming Dynasty (1368–1644); surname Ming; Ming (c. 2000 BC), fourth of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝[Yan2 di4] descended from Shennong 神農|神农[Shen2 nong2] Farmer God明 míng: 明 ming2: bright; opposite: dark 暗[an4]; (of meaning) clear; to understand; next; public or open; wise; generic term for a sacrifice to the gods
- 人家 rén jiā: 人家 ren2 jia1: household; dwelling; family; sb else's house; household business; house of woman's husband-to-be; CL:戶|户[hu4],家[jia1]人家 rén jia: 人家 ren2 jia5: other people; sb else; he, she or they; I, me (referring to oneself as "one" or "people")
- (bound form) to penetrate; to seep through; to tell secretly; to leak; thoroughly; through and through; to appear; to show
- idea; opinion; suggestion; objection; complaint; CL:點|点[dian3],條|条[tiao2]
- to change; to become different; to transform; to vary; rebellion
- way; method; means; Taiwan pr. [fa1 r5]
- to repeat; to duplicate; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to be certain; to be positive; assuredly; definitely; to give recognition; to affirm; affirmative (answer)
- to enrich; rich; plentiful; abundant
- (raw) material; data; (fig.) person who has the potential to do the job
- to select; to make one's choice; to decide what to accept and what to reject
- closely; tightly
- to grasp (also fig.); to seize; to hold; assurance; certainty; sure (of the outcome)
- main line (of communication); main thread (of a plotline or concept); central theme
- to request; to require; requirement; to stake a claim; to ask; to demand; CL:點|点[dian3]
- (of systems, facilities etc) comprehensive; well-developed; excellent; to refine; to improve
- the self; oneself; self-; (psychology) ego
- to benefit (e.g. the people)
- everything; every; all
- to educate; to teach; education
- later generation
- to have one's eyes on (a goal); having sth in mind; to concentrate
- history; CL:門|门[men2],段[duan4]
- it seems; seemingly; as if
- not just; not limited to; (as a correlative conjunction) not only (..., but also ...)