- young; junior
- to sharpen on grindstone; to improve oneself by practice
- ability to write; writing skill; written; in written form
- elder brother; term of respect for a man of about the same age
- scales (to weigh things)
- to turn upside down; to reverse; back to front; confused; deranged; crazy
- common term; general term
- Meiji Restoration (Japan, 1868)
- also known as; alternative name; to also be called
- 桂 gùi: 桂 gui4: cassia; laurel桂 Gùi: 桂 Gui4: surname Gui; abbr. for Guangxi Autonomous Region 廣西壯族自治區|广西壮族自治区[Guang3 xi1 Zhuang4 zu2 Zi4 zhi4 qu1]
- to move; to exercise; sports; exercise; motion; movement; campaign; CL:場|场[chang3]
- to sell well; hot-selling
- (orig.) tents forming the offices of a commanding officer; administration of a military government; (medieval Japan) "bakufu", administration of the shogun
- fence; hedge; (literary) screen; barrier; vassal state; Taiwan pr. [fan2]
- county; (Japan) prefecture
- position; standpoint; CL:個|个[ge4]
- dukes or princes who rule a part of the country under the emperor; local rulers
- to exert oneself
- to try hard to; to strive to
- to harm; to jeopardize; to endanger; harmful effect; damage
- southwest
- to lose a war
- Iron Chancellor, refers to Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898), Prussian politician, minister-president of Prussia 1862-1873, Chancellor of Germany 1871-1890
- modernization; CL:個|个[ge4]
- bliss; extreme happiness
- Yang Guifei (719-756), famous Tang beauty, consort of Emperor Xuanzhong 唐玄宗[Tang2 Xuan2 zong1]
- tearful; tearfully
- to gaze intently; to stare at
- lowly; mean and low
- elaborate
- Xiao Qiao, one of the Two Qiaos, according to Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義|三国演义[San1 guo2 Yan3 yi4], the two great beauties of ancient China