- grass; straw; manuscript; draft (of a document); careless; rough; CL:棵[ke1],撮[zuo3],株[zhu1],根[gen1]
- to rule (a country); to govern; rule; regime
- 曾 céng: 曾 ceng2: once; already; ever (in the past); former; previously; (past tense marker used before verb or clause)曾 Zēng: 曾 Zeng1: surname Zeng曾 zēng: 曾 zeng1: great- (grandfather, grandchild etc)
- feudal fiefdom; land held as a vassal in feudal society; enfeoffment
- palace hall
- 要 yāo: 要 yao1: (bound form) to demand; to coerce要 yào: 要 yao4: to want; to need; to ask for; will; shall; about to; need to; should; if (same as 要是[yao4 shi5]); (bound form) important
- to take back (forcibly); to recapture; to win back
- seat; base; stand; (bound form) constellation; (archaic) suffix used in a respectful form of address (e.g. 師座|师座[shi1 zuo4]); classifier for large immovable objects such as buildings, mountains, bridges etc
- Christianity; Christian
- to guard; to protect
- city; town; CL:座[zuo4]
- to summon; to beckon; to call
- 血 xuè: 血 xue4: blood; colloquial pr. [xie3]; CL:滴[di1],片[pian4]血 xiě: 血 xie3: see 血[xue4]
- to rebuild; to reconstruct; to reestablish
- empire; imperial
- unhurried
- 听 yǐn: 听 yin3: smile (archaic)听 tīng: 听 ting1: to listen to; to hear; to heed; to obey; a can (loanword from English "tin"); classifier for canned beverages; to let be; to allow (Taiwan pr. [ting4]); (literary) to administer; to deal with (Taiwan pr. [ting4])
- 打 dǎ: 打 da3: a semantically light, transitive verb that is combined with various grammatical objects to form compound verbs and verb-object phrases with a diverse range of meanings (e.g. 打傘|打伞[da3 san3] "to hold an umbrella", 打電話|打电话[da3 dian4 hua4] "to make a phone call", 打針|打针[da3 zhen1] "to get an injection", 打手套[da3 shou3 tao4] "to knit gloves", 打氣|打气[da3 qi4] "to inflate"); to hit; to strike; to fight; (coll.) from; since (as in 打那以後|打那以后[da3 na4 yi3 hou4] "since then")打 dá: 打 da2: (loanword) dozen; Taiwan pr. [da3]
- hero; strong and courageous person; CL:條|条[tiao2]
- to owe; to lack; (literary) to be deficient in; (bound form) yawn; to raise slightly (a part of one's body)
- 秘 mì: 秘 mi4: secret; secretary秘 bì: 秘 bi4: see 秘魯|秘鲁[Bi4 lu3]
- 党 dǎng: 党 dang3: party; association; club; society; CL:個|个[ge4]党 Dǎng: 党 Dang3: surname Dang
- elder; term of respect for a Buddhist monk
- (Catholicism) pope; pontiff
- generation; period of 30 years; one's whole lifetime; lifelong; age; era; times; the whole world; the First (of numbered European kings)
- upper house; senate; senior statesmen's assembly
- chief (representative, correspondent etc)
- member (of a legislative body); representative
- 阿 ē: 阿 e1: (literary) to flatter; to curry favor with阿 ā: 阿 a1: prefix used before monosyllabic names, kinship terms etc to indicate familiarity; used in transliteration; (bound form) Afghanistan (abbr. for 阿富汗[A1 fu4 han4]); (bound form) Albania (abbr. for 阿爾巴尼亞|阿尔巴尼亚[A1 er3 ba1 ni2 ya4]); (bound form) Algeria (abbr. for 阿爾及利亞|阿尔及利亚[A1 er3 ji2 li4 ya4]); (bound form) Argentina (abbr. for 阿根廷[A1 gen1 ting2]); also pr. [a4]
- 维 Wéi: 维 Wei2: abbr. for Uighur 維吾爾|维吾尔[Wei2 wu2 er3]; surname Wei维 wéi: 维 wei2: to preserve; to maintain; to hold together; dimension; vitamin (abbr. for 維生素|维生素[wei2 sheng1 su4])
- to exert; to strive
- 斯 Sī: 斯 Si1: Slovakia; Slovak; abbr. for 斯洛伐克[Si1 luo4 fa2 ke4]斯 sī: 斯 si1: (phonetic); this
- imperial guard
- to lead; to command; commander; officer
- (bound form) hero; heroic; outstanding person; prominent; distinguished
- (of a period of time) long
- to come from
- long-established; time-honored
- head; boss; chief
- to predict; prophecy
- ahead of schedule; sooner than planned; to bring forward (to an earlier time)
- to change; to alter; to transform
- Rome, capital of Italy
- to construct; building; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to look down at (from a high vantage point)