- bronze color
- arc light
- one's employment; business; matter that needs to be settled; (northern dialect) (of a person) demanding; trying; troublesome; CL:件[jian4],樁|桩[zhuang1]
- 环 huán: 环 huan2: ring; hoop; loop; (chain) link; classifier for scores in archery etc; to surround; to encircle; to hem in环 Huán: 环 Huan2: surname Huan
- homicide; to murder; to kill (a person)
- dragon's vein, terrain that looks like a dragon
- beyond the pass, i.e. the region north and east of Shanhai Pass 山海關|山海关[Shan1 hai3 guan1] or the region west of Jiayu Pass 嘉峪關|嘉峪关[Jia1 yu4 guan1] or both
- foreign devil; term of abuse for Westerners
- title of respect for the queen mother or the emperor's father; nickname for Empress Dowager Cixi 慈禧太后[Ci2 xi3 tai4 hou4]
- (coll.) wife
- mother; young lady; (coll.) effeminate
- to rest with; to lie in; to be due to (a certain attribute); (often used in the negative) to care about
- conflict; to conflict; clash of opposing forces; collision (of interests); contention
- to exercise; to move about; to work out; shaky; unsteady; loose (tooth etc); movable; flexible; liquid (capital etc); (volcanic, seismic, economic etc) activity; (outdoor etc) activity; event; (political) campaign; (military) maneuver (CL:項|项[xiang4]); to use personal influence, connections, bribes etc
- to conceal; to hide; covert; under cover
- barely; only; merely; only (this and nothing more)
- to implement; to carry out; to introduce (a policy, system, reform etc); to promote; to advance (the practice of an art form, the use of a language etc); to push along (a bicycle etc while walking)
- constitutional monarchy
- navy
- 商 shāng: 商 shang1: commerce; merchant; dealer; to consult; 2nd note in pentatonic scale; quotient (as in 智商[zhi4 shang1], intelligence quotient)商 Shāng: 商 Shang1: Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC); surname Shang
- advantageous; favorable
- marketplace; market; bazaar; (economics) market
- German person or people
- to borrow; (used in combination with 給|给[gei3] or 出[chu1] etc) to lend; to make use of; to avail oneself of; (sometimes followed by 著|着[zhe5]) by; with
- to participate (in sth)
- to organize; to set up; to establish
- to set up a constitution
- synopsis; outline; program; leading principles
- constitution (of a country); CL:部[bu4]
- consultation; reference; to consult; to refer
- marketing
- real power; genuine power
- British person; British people
- British-style; English-style
- good opinion; favorable impression
- many; a lot of; much
- nevertheless; actually; the fact is ...
- animal hide; leather; to reform; to remove; to expel (from office)
- in other words; that is to say; so; thus
- reformer
- radical; extreme; extremist
- upper layer
- Qing government (1644-1911)