- in the past; formerly
- to hold up (as an model); to hold in esteem; to revere; to advocate
- power; might
- iron fist (of the state)
- old: to reap the consequences of one's words (idiom, from Mencius); modern: to go back on one's word; to blow hot and cold; to contradict oneself; inconsistent
- reality; actuality; real; actual; realistic; pragmatic; materialistic; self-interested
- to know well; to be fully aware of
- monarchy
- republic
- very few; rarely
- honor and glory
- to sweep the floor; (fig.) (of one's reputation etc) to reach rock bottom; to be at an all-time low
- notion; thought; concept; sense; views; ideology; general impressions
- to enter deeply into people's hearts; to have a real impact on the people (idiom)
- inevitably
- detriment; fraud; harm; defeat
- 利 Lì: 利 Li4: surname Li利 lì: 利 li4: sharp; favorable; advantage; benefit; profit; interest; to do good to; to benefit
- moreover; besides
- to found a country; nation-building; the foundation of PRC by Mao Zedong in 1949
- to change; to alter; to modify
- extremely important; no small matter
- heart; innermost being; (math.) incenter
- dictatorship
- lifelong; all one's life; marriage
- candid; direct and to the point; simply; just; might as well
- treason
- (idiom) not to yield an inch
- to suffer a defeat; to fail; to fall behind
- to flee; to go into exile
- overseas; abroad
- wave; tides
- lit. to return to office after living as a hermit on Mount Dongshan (idiom); fig. to make a comeback
- to affect; to produce a change in sth
- overall situation
- can't say for sure; maybe
- consequences; aftermath
- sincere; honest; cordial
- to move (to pity); arousing (sympathy); touching
- to distinguish; to ascertain
- enthusiastic; ardent; zealous
- disappointed; to lose hope; to despair
- to clear away; to eliminate; to get rid of
- convenient and fast