- edge; fringe; verge; brink; periphery; marginal; borderline
- to mature; to grow; growth
- to replace; alternately; in turn
- tide of thought; way of thinking characteristic of a historical period; Zeitgeist
- main stream (of a river); fig. the essential point; main viewpoint of a matter; mainstream (culture etc)
- example; precedent; rule; case; instance
- to go to school
- to read and reread sth until one is familiar with it
- to move and inspire
- loyal and righteous; fealty; loyalty
- to recite; to repeat from memory
- required course; compulsory course
- to develop; to make full use of
- closely bound up (idiom); intimately related
- imperceptible influence; to influence secretly
- beneath the surface; fundamentally; at the deepest level
- universal; general; widespread; common
- guard home, defend the country (idiom); national defense
- nationality; ethnic group
- feelings; mood
- Japanese army; Japanese troops
- Weihaiwei, late Qing naval port in Weihai 威海, Shandong
- specialty; specialized field; main field of study (at university); major; CL:門|门[men2],個|个[ge4]; professional
- to guard; to defend; to keep watch; to abide by the law; to observe (rules or ritual); nearby; adjoining
- fort; battery
- related; relevant; pertinent; to be interrelated; (statistics) correlation
- to sign a contract or agreement
- decisive battle; to fight a decisive battle; to fight for supremacy in ...
- diagram; picture; drawing; chart; map; CL:張|张[zhang1]; to plan; to scheme; to attempt; to pursue; to seek
- weak; feeble; young; inferior; not as good as; (following a decimal or fraction) slightly less than
- community; colony
- to die for one's country
- China-Japan
- twenty; 20
- a nation's power
- comparatively large
- clear proof
- winding; (fig.) complicated
- to go forward; to forge ahead; to advance; onward
- to recoil; to draw back; to fall back; to retreat
- Eight-Nation Alliance, involved in a military intervention in northern China in 1900