- accomplished; elegant
- scholar; Confucian
- to present to a superior; memorial; petition; to present (a certain appearance); to assume (a shape); to be (a certain color)
- document; file; CL:份[fen4]
- cover (of a publication)
- name (of a person or thing); CL:個|个[ge4]
- to delay; to put off; to procrastinate
- maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or
- to pile up; to accumulate without being dealt with
- relatively speaking; comparatively speaking
- quick; alert; efficacious; effective; to come true; spirit; departed soul; coffin
- really; as expected; sure enough; if indeed...; if it's really...
- (of a contagious disease etc) to spread; to propagate; (of a style of clothing, song etc) popular; fashionable
- lit. rich country, strong army (idiom); slogan of legalist philosophers in pre-Han times; Make the country wealthy and the military powerful, slogan of modernizers in Qing China and Meiji Japan (Japanese pronunciation: Fukoku kyōhei)
- point of view; viewpoint; standpoint; CL:個|个[ge4]
- 康 kāng: 康 kang1: healthy; peaceful; abundant康 Kāng: 康 Kang1: surname Kang
- 梁 Liáng: 梁 Liang2: Liang Dynasty (502–557); Later Liang Dynasty (907–923); surname Liang梁 liáng: 梁 liang2: roof beam; beam (structure); bridge
- 它 tā: 它 ta1: it它 tā: 它 ta1: it (pronoun for an animal)
- to approach; to get close to
- Zhang Zhidong (1837-1909), prominent politician in late Qing
- to promote; to advocate
- middle school
- 体 tǐ: 体 ti3: body; form; style; system; substance; to experience; aspect (linguistics)体 tī: 体 ti1: used in 體己|体己[ti1 ji5]; Taiwan pr. [ti3]
- Western learning (intellectual movement in the late Qing); also called 洋務運動|洋务运动
- always
- a bit; a little bit; (used in negative expressions) (not) the least bit; (after an adjective, used to form the comparative) a bit more, -er; a point (in a discussion etc); (calligraphy) dot stroke (、); one o'clock (abbr. for 一點鍾|一点钟[yi1 dian3 zhong1])
- article; essay; literary works; writings; hidden meaning; CL:篇[pian1],段[duan4],頁|页[ye4]
- original
- opinion; view; understanding
- at the minimum; at the very least
- to hold; to grasp; to support; to maintain; to persevere; to manage; to run (i.e. administer); to control
- texture; grain (of wood); inner essence; intrinsic order; reason; logic; truth; science; natural science (esp. physics); to manage; to pay attention to; to run (affairs); to handle; to put in order; to tidy up
- training in the basic skills; knowledge of the fundamentals
- at least; (to say the) least
- relative superiority (better or worse, stronger or weaker, above or below etc)
- good and bad; merits and drawbacks
- (political) reform; revitalization; modernization
- to like; to be fond of
- lit. to pile up (bricks); to pack; fig. to pad out (writing with fancy phrases); ornate rhetoric
- 文 wén: 文 wen2: language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle; (old) classifier for coins; Kangxi radical 67文 Wén: 文 Wen2: surname Wen