- steady; stable; stability; to stabilize; to pacify
- Sima Guang (1019-1086), politician and historian of Northern Song, author of Comprehensive Mirror for aid in Government 資治通鑒|资治通鉴
- to change the laws; political reform; unconventional method
- wealth; riches
- 资源 zī yuán: 资源 zi1 yuan2: natural resource (such as water or minerals); resource (such as manpower or tourism)资源 Zī yuán: 资源 Zi1 yuan2: see 資源縣|资源县[Zi1 yuan2 Xian4]
- diverse; diversity; manifold
- to study assiduously and tirelessly (idiom); see also 頭懸梁,錐刺股|头悬梁,锥刺股[tou2 xuan2 liang2 , zhui1 ci4 gu3]
- next in sequence; second; the second (day, time etc); secondary; vice-; sub-; infra-; inferior quality; substandard; order; sequence; hypo- (chemistry); classifier for enumerated events: time
- to bite words and chew characters (idiom); punctilious about minutiae of wording
- 地道 dì dào: 地道 di4 dao4: tunnel; causeway地道 dì dao: 地道 di4 dao5: authentic; genuine; proper
- 党 dǎng: 党 dang3: party; association; club; society; CL:個|个[ge4]党 Dǎng: 党 Dang3: surname Dang
- Rizhilu or Record of daily study, by early Confucian philosopher Gu Yanwu 顧炎武|顾炎武
- salaries of government officials
- is not; has never been; never occurring; unprecedented
- to determine the nature (of sth); to determine the chemical composition (of a substance); qualitative
- quantitative analysis
- the eight divinatory trigrams of the Book of Changes 易經|易经[Yi4 jing1]; gossip; gossipy
- Hai Rui (1514-1587), Ming politician, famous for honesty and integrity
- private life
- Chun'an, a county in Hangzhou City 杭州市[Hang2 zhou1 Shi4], Zhejiang
- to receive
- (husked) rice
- to pierce through; to pass through; to be stringed together; string of 1000 cash
- money; paper money
- official's salary (in feudal times)
- to provide for; to keep (animals, a family etc); to raise animals; to feed and clothe; support; the necessities of life; to give birth
- to bestow a reward; a reward
- far more than; not just
- Hui ethnic group (Chinese muslims)
- pork
- very little; very few
- to engage in social activities; to socialize; dinner party; banquet; social engagement
- comparable
- Chinese style; à la chinoise
- notion; thought; concept; sense; views; ideology; general impressions
- weaken; make weaker
- mother and father; parents
- to climb (of climbing plants); to creep; to cling on to; fig. to seek connection (with the rich and powerful); social climbing