- a few; several; how many
- outside; in addition; foreign; external
- to remain; to be left over
- a certain number or amount; how many?; how much?
- madman; lunatic
- mental disorder; neuropathy; (derog.) mental case
- to call oneself; to claim to be; to profess; to claim a title
- to achieve; to implement; to realize; to bring about
- 当年 dāng nián: 当年 dang1 nian2: in those days; back then; in those years; to be in the prime of life当年 dàng nián: 当年 dang4 nian2: that very same year
- Dong Zhongshu (179-104 BC), philosopher influential in establishing Confucianism as the established system of values of former Han dynasty
- to study at the same school; fellow student; classmate; CL:位[wei4],個|个[ge4]
- unable to take one's eyes off (idiom); to gaze steadily; to stare
- to burn the midnight oil (idiom); to work continuously night and day
- (concept of) time; (duration of) time; (point in) time
- land under heaven; the whole world; the whole of China; realm; rule
- ancient books or records
- to let off; to give out
- ruthless; fierce; ferocious; determined; resolute; to harden (one's heart)
- three generations of a family; the three earliest dynasties (Xia, Shang and Zhou)
- that level or lower; that amount or less; the following
- 何 Hé: 何 He2: surname He何 hé: 何 he2: what; how; why; which; carry
- to speak; to say
- 夏 xià: 夏 xia4: summer夏 Xià: 夏 Xia4: the Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC; Xia of the Sixteen Kingdoms (407–432); surname Xia
- Western Zhou (1027-771 BC)
- in other words; that is to say; so; thus
- Confucius (551-479 BC), Chinese thinker and social philosopher, also known as 孔夫子[Kong3 fu1 zi3]
- Mencius (c. 372-c. 289 BC), Confucian philosopher second only to Confucius; book of the same name, one of the classics of Confucianism
- 老子 lǎo zi: 老子 lao3 zi5: father; daddy; "I, your father" (in anger, or out of contempt); I (used arrogantly or jocularly)老子 Lǎo zǐ: 老子 Lao3 zi3: Laozi or Lao-tze (c. 500 BC), Chinese philosopher, the founder of Taoism; the sacred book of Daoism, 道德經|道德经[Dao4 de2 jing1] by Laozi
- 孙子 Sūn zǐ: 孙子 Sun1 zi3: Sun Tzu, also known as Sun Wu 孫武|孙武[Sun1 Wu3] (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War” 孫子兵法|孙子兵法[Sun1 zi3 Bing1 fa3], one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1]孙子 sūn zi: 孙子 sun1 zi5: grandson; son's son
- these
- all; entire; complete
- not enough; insufficient; inadequate
- qualifications; seniority
- really; actually; indeed; true; real; honest; dependable; (philosophy) reality
- highest; greatest; too (much); very; extremely
- to hit; to strike; to attack; to crack down on sth; blow; (psychological) shock; percussion (music)
- those
- 圣 kū: 圣 ku1: (literary) to dig with persistent effort (e.g. to gather wild vegetables)圣 shèng: 圣 sheng4: (bound form) peerless (in wisdom, moral virtue, skill etc); (bound form) peerless individual; paragon (sage, saint, emperor, master of a skill etc); (bound form) holy; sacred
- (fig.) to dream of; dream
- plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals
- exception; to be an exception
- what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ...; (derog.) so-called
- refined, gentle, and elegant
- lord; nobility; nobleman; noblewoman; aristocrat; aristocracy
- generation; period of 30 years; one's whole lifetime; lifelong; age; era; times; the whole world; the First (of numbered European kings)
- meritorious deed or service; achievement; result; service; accomplishment; work (physics)
- to open up