- what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ...; (derog.) so-called
- to serve as an official; an official; the two chess pieces in Chinese chess guarding the "general" or "king" 將|将[jiang4]
- (lit.) leftover men; (fig.) loyalist adherents of a former dynasty; surviving members of an ethnic group
- worth the money; to merit; to deserve; to be worth (doing sth)
- to praise; to commend
- not just; not limited to; (as a correlative conjunction) not only (..., but also ...)
- negative; passive; inactive
- active; energetic; vigorous; positive (outlook); proactive
- different tunes played with equal skill (idiom); different methods leading to the same result; different approach but equally satisfactory outcome
- thousand (banker's anti-fraud numeral)
- 苗 miáo: 苗 miao2: sprout苗 Miáo: 苗 Miao2: surname Miao; Miao ethnic group
- two-character surname Wanyan
- historical fact
- (of one person) to hold the successive posts of; (of several persons) the successive (presidents etc)
- antiphon (i.e. solo voice answered by chorus); sung reply (in agreement with first voice); to reply with a poem in the same rhythm
- belief; to believe (in sth)
- Buddhism
- preferential treatment; to give preferential treatment
- (Buddhist) monks and nuns
- to exempt; exemption
- taxation
- forced labor of feudal tenant (corvée); bailiff of feudal yamen
- modern people
- to analyze; analysis; CL:個|个[ge4]
- prejudice; bias
- 明朝 Míng cháo: 明朝 Ming2 chao2: Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)明朝 míng zhāo: 明朝 ming2 zhao1: tomorrow morning; the following morning
- reign name of Ming emperor (1573-1619)
- in the years of; during those years; period (of dynasty or decade)
- to print and circulate
- biography; CL:篇[pian1],部[bu4]
- autograph; to sign one's name
- 沈 Shěn: 沈 Shen3: surname Shen沈 shěn: 沈 shen3: (literary) juice沈 Shěn: 沈 Shen3: short name for 瀋陽|沈阳[Shen3 yang2]
- name of a river