- to identify clearly; to make sure of; to believe firmly
- far-reaching; profound and long-lasting
- opportunity; favorable turn of events; stroke of luck
- Western Europe
- peasant; farmer
- to rely mainly on; to attach most importance to
- to industrialize; industrialization
- major city; metropolis
- end of the year
- alliance; union; coalition
- telephone; CL:部[bu4]; phone call; CL:通[tong1]; phone number
- Bell (person name)
- by-product
- oligarch
- to make clear; to make known; to state clearly; to indicate; known
- characteristic; trait; feature
- turning point; breaking point; inflexion point (math., a point of a curve at which the curvature changes sign)
- seldom; rare; hard to come by
- case; (for) instance; example; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to rule (a country); to govern; rule; regime
- technical ability; skill
- to avert; to prevent; to avoid; to refrain from
- to invade and occupy (territory)
- to capture; to seize; to occupy by force
- baseless (lie); without foundation
- opponent; rival; competitor; (well-matched) adversary; match
- (military) forward position; frontier; cutting-edge; forefront
- path; route; method; ways and means
- similar; alike
- steel industry
- top quality; front ranking
- to fall behind; to lag (in technology etc); backward; to retrogress
- to lag behind
- to progress (or increase, change etc) day by day; more (or better etc) with each passing day
- to rise; to spring up; to burgeon; to be aroused; to come into vogue
- South Korea (Republic of Korea); (historical) Han, one of the Seven Warring States 戰國七雄|战国七雄[Zhan4 guo2 Qi1 xiong2]
- Bethlehem
- to simplify; to reduce
- to reduce; to lessen; to cut down