- superfluous; unnecessary; surplus
- to lessen; to decrease; to reduce; to lower
- to cancel; to call off; to revoke; to rescind
- to enjoy (rights, privileges etc)
- expenditures; expenses (CL:筆|笔[bi3],項|项[xiang4]); to spend money; (coll.) to pay wages
- extra; added; additional
- (of an atmosphere etc) solemn; grave; serious; (of a manner etc) earnest; severe; exacting; to strictly enforce
- to treat; treatment
- to face sth; to be confronted with
- difficult; hard; arduous
- to touch (physically, one's feelings etc); to touch on (a topic)
- leader
- Kohl (name); Helmut Kohl (1930-2017), German CDU politician, Chancellor 1982-1998
- to replace; to take over (a position or post)
- pain; suffering; painful; CL:個|个[ge4]
- supply of goods
- course; stream; sequence of processes; work flow in manufacturing
- to have; to possess
- itself; oneself; one's own
- character; intrinsic quality (of a person); quality (of a product or service, or as in "quality of life", "air quality" etc)
- profit margin
- to shake; to vibrate
- foundation
- to cut short; extinct; to disappear; to vanish; absolutely; by no means
- lifeline
- this; these
- creativeness; creativity
- to perish; to ruin; to destroy
- ancient; old; age-old
- situation (of a person)
- superstition; to have a superstitious belief (in sth)
- authority; authoritative; power and prestige
- grand prix
- behind the scenes
- dinosaur (CL:頭|头[tou2],隻|只[zhi1]); (old) (slang) ugly person
- to push (e.g. for acceptance of a plan); to promote; to give impetus to
- to act on; to affect; action; function; activity; impact; result; effect; purpose; intent; (suffix) -ation, -tion etc, as in 抑制作用[yi4 zhi4 zuo4 yong4], inhibition
- to pour into; to empty into