- temporary; provisional; for the time being
- not yet; did not; have not; not; 8th earthly branch: 1-3 p.m., 6th solar month (7th July-6th August), year of the Sheep; ancient Chinese compass point: 210°
- (literary) to become an official
- a person who has passed the county level imperial exam (historical); scholar; skillful writer; fine talent
- gentry; celebrities
- to exercise; to move about; to work out; shaky; unsteady; loose (tooth etc); movable; flexible; liquid (capital etc); (volcanic, seismic, economic etc) activity; (outdoor etc) activity; event; (political) campaign; (military) maneuver (CL:項|项[xiang4]); to use personal influence, connections, bribes etc
- among the people; popular; folk; non-governmental; involving people rather than governments
- to create; to bring about; to produce; to set (a record)
- (idiom) unprecedented
- public; common; communal
- school; CL:所[suo3]
- media, esp. news media
- association; society; group; union; club; organization
- reign name of penultimate Qing emperor Guangxu or Guang-hsu (1875-1908)
- to lose power and influence
- reform; CL:次[ci4],種|种[zhong3],項|项[xiang4]; to reform
- almost; nearly; practically
- development; growth; to develop; to grow; to expand
- 哪里 nǎ lǐ: 哪里 na3 li3: where?; somewhere; anywhere; wherever; nowhere (negative answer to question); humble expression denying compliment; also written 哪裡|哪里哪里 nǎ lǐ: 哪里 na3 li3: where?; somewhere; anywhere; wherever; nowhere (negative answer to question); humble expression denying compliment
- newspaper; newsprint; CL:份[fen4],期[qi1],張|张[zhang1]
- Hundred Days Reform (1898), failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty
- to appear; to arise; to emerge; to show up
- interior; inside (part, section); internal
- height; altitude; elevation; high degree; highly; CL:個|个[ge4]
- centralized state power
- absolute; unconditional
- royalty; royal power
- society
- usually; in many cases; more often than not
- edge; fringe; verge; brink; periphery; marginal; borderline
- progressively; step by step
- 向 xiàng: 向 xiang4: towards; to face; to turn towards; direction; to support; to side with; shortly before; formerly; always; all along; (suffix) suitable for ...; oriented to ...向 Xiàng: 向 Xiang4: surname Xiang向 xiàng: 向 xiang4: to tend toward; to guide向 xiàng: 向 xiang4: direction; orientation; to face; to turn toward; to; towards; shortly before; formerly
- (lit. and fig.) to permeate; to seep into; (of a product, idea etc) to penetrate (in a population); (of hostile forces) to infiltrate; (chemistry) osmosis
- 成功 Chéng gōng: 成功 Cheng2 gong1: Chenggong or Chengkung town in Taitung County 臺東縣|台东县[Tai2 dong1 Xian4], southeast Taiwan成功 chéng gōng: 成功 cheng2 gong1: to succeed; success; successful; fruitful
- (neologism c. 2006) (of circumstances) to stimulate (change, esp. innovation, reform etc)
- Self-Strengthening Movement (period of reforms in China c 1861-1894), also named 自強運動|自强运动
- again; once more; re-; further; beyond this point of time; (before an adjective) more; then (after sth, and not until then); no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也[ye3] or 都[dou1] for emphasis); (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則|再则[zai4 ze2], 再就是[zai4 jiu4 shi4] etc); (literary) to reappear; to reoccur
- new policy; New Deal (Roosevelt's 1933 policy to deal with the Great Depression)
- Xinhai Revolution (1911), which ended the Qing Dynasty
- all; each and every; in all cases
- like this; so; such
- to wield (power etc)
- center of gravity; central core; main part
- nevertheless; actually; the fact is ...
- 倒 dǎo: 倒 dao3: to fall; to collapse; to lie horizontally; to fail; to go bankrupt; to overthrow; to change (trains or buses); to move around; to resell at a profit倒 dào: 倒 dao4: to invert; to place upside down or frontside back; to pour out; to tip out; to dump; inverted; upside down; reversed; to go backward; contrary to what one might expect; but; yet
- 过来 gùo lái: 过来 guo4 lai2: to come over; to manage; to handle; to be able to take care of过来 gùo lai: 过来 guo4 lai5: see 過來|过来[guo4 lai2]