- used in 瑪瑙|玛瑙[ma3 nao3]
- religion
- a sage; wise and holy man; virtuous ruler; Buddhist lama; wine
- 跄 qiāng: 跄 qiang1: walk rapidly跄 qiàng: 跄 qiang4: stagger; sway from side to side
- example; model
- to cultivate (personal qualities); (of forests etc) to support; to provide a suitable environment for the replenishment of (natural resources: groundwater, animals, plants etc)
- action; conduct; behavior; activity
- to transition to a new dynasty or regime
- spirit; boldness; positive outlook; imposing attitude
- regent; monarch
- to admire; to revere; to look up to
- to have a mind to; to intend to; deliberately; considerate
- to gather (in a crowd); to converge; to swarm
- troops; subordinates; (honorific appellation for a general)
- antiquity; ancient times
- despite; although; even though; in spite of; unhesitatingly; do not hesitate (to ask, complain etc); (go ahead and do it) without hesitating
- barely; only; merely
- lit. the night-blooming cactus shows once; flash in the pan (idiom); short-lived
- internal trouble and outside aggression (idiom); in a mess both domestically and abroad
- from beginning to end; all along
- to accompany; to follow; to occur together with; concomitant
- public morals are degenerating with each passing day (idiom)
- the Forbidden City; the Imperial Palace in Beijing; same as 故宮|故宫[Gu4 gong1]
- pedantic; trite; inflexible; adherence to old ideas
- with one's own hands; personally
- to cultivate; to train; cultivation; training
- see 南京市[Nan2 jing1 Shi4]; Nanjing, capital of the Ming dynasty (1368–1421) and of the Republic of China (1927–1937 and 1946–1949)
- corruption; to corrupt; to rot; rotten
- growing as a thicket; overgrown; breaking out everywhere (of disease, social disorder etc)
- to scold; to abuse; to curse; CL:通[tong4],頓|顿[dun4]
- Confucian code of ethics
- to be certain; to be positive; assuredly; definitely; to give recognition; to affirm; affirmative (answer)
- to have no way out; to have no alternative
- mood; frame of mind
- melancholy; depression
- even if; even though
- to win success and recognition (idiom)
- to rise; to raise; to get up; to set out; to start; to appear; to launch; to initiate (action); to draft; to establish; to get (from a depot or counter); verb suffix, to start; starting from (a time, place, price etc); classifier for occurrences or unpredictable events: case, instance; classifier for groups: batch, group
- only; merely; nothing but; no more than; it's just that ...
- trivial matter; trifle
- long-term peace and stability (of governments)
- to be out of the question