- to follow; from; because of; due to; by; via; through; (before a noun and a verb) it is for ... to ...
- Glorious Revolution (England, 1688)
- to complete; to accomplish
- France
- to develop; to evolve
- Napoleon (name); Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), Emperor of France 1804-1815
- war; conflict; CL:場|场[chang2],次[ci4]
- 震荡 zhèn dàng: 震荡 zhen4 dang4: to shake up; to jolt; to vibrate; to oscillate; to fluctuate震荡 zhèn dàng: 震荡 zhen4 dang4: to vibrate; to shake; to shudder
- Sino-foreign; Chinese-foreign; home and abroad
- 同 tóng: 同 tong2: like; same; similar; together; alike; with同 tòng: 同 tong4: used in 胡同[hu2 tong4]同 tòng: 同 tong4: used in 衚衕|胡同[hu2 tong4]
- due to; to stem from
- category
- to transform; to reform; to remodel; to remold
- system; CL:個|个[ge4]
- 加 jiā: 加 jia1: to add; (math.) plus; to increase; to augment; (used before a disyllabic verb, often after an adverb like 不[bu4], 大[da4], 稍[shao1] etc, to indicate that the action applies to sth previously mentioned, as in 稍加改良[shao1 jia1 gai3 liang2] "make some minor improvements to (it)")加 Jiā: 加 Jia1: Canada (abbr. for 加拿大[Jia1 na2 da4]); surname Jia
- spacious and empty; void
- region; area (informal or geographical term); prefecture (in China's administrative system)
- above
- to avert; to prevent; to avoid; to refrain from
- 段 Duàn: 段 Duan4: surname Duan段 duàn: 段 duan4: paragraph; section; segment; stage (of a process); classifier for stories, periods of time, lengths of thread etc
- to pan fry; to sauté
- 逼 bī: 逼 bi1: to compel; to pressure逼 bī: 逼 bi1: to force (sb to do sth); to compel; to press for; to extort; to press on towards; to press up to; to close in on
- merely; only; just; nothing but; simply; but; however
- southern part
- slave labor; slave worker
- to violate (a law)
- 待 dài: 待 dai4: to wait; to treat; to deal with; to need; going to (do sth); about to; intending to待 dāi: 待 dai1: to stay; to remain
- to correct; to amend; to put right; correction; CL:個|个[ge4]
- aforementioned; above-mentioned
- procedures; sequence; order; computer program
- Guomindang or Kuomintang (KMT); Nationalist Party
- by means of; through; with the help of
- to substitute for; to take the place of; to replace; for; on behalf of; to stand in for
- 新 Xīn: 新 Xin1: abbr. for Xinjiang 新疆[Xin1 jiang1]; abbr. for Singapore 新加坡[Xin1 jia1 po1]; surname Xin新 xīn: 新 xin1: new; newly; meso- (chemistry)
- high-rise; high level; high class
- independent and autonomous (idiom); self-determination; to act independently; to maintain control over one's own affairs
- a scholar or government official living in one's village; a village gentleman; squire
- landlord; landowner; host
- historical communal administrative and self-defence system created during the Song Dynasty and revived during the Republican Era, in which households are grouped in jia 甲[jia3] and jia are grouped in bao 保[bao3]
- rural area; village; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to monopolize
- underlayer; lower class; lower strata; substrate
- average; on average; evenly; in equal proportions
- 发 fā: 发 fa1: to send out; to show (one's feeling); to issue; to develop; to make a bundle of money; classifier for gunshots (rounds)发 fà: 发 fa4: hair; Taiwan pr. [fa3]
- brake
- opportunity; chance; occasion; CL:個|个[ge4]
- Taiwan