- to rank second (in terms of some attribute: size, frequency, quality etc)
- to roll; to turn over; to invert; to flip
- low level
- so that; so as to; in order to
- to reject; to discard; to get rid of
- interior; inside (part, section); internal
- to obstruct; to hinder; to block; obstruction; hindrance
- composition; ingredient; element; component; one's social status
- to gather; to unite; to unify; whole
- to accept (a suggestion, punishment, bribe etc); to acquiesce
- to apportion expenses, responsibilities etc; to demand contributions
- then; after that; afterwards
- talent; ability; capacity
- to lay; to spread out
- the top and bottom of sth; the full vertical extent of sth; from top to bottom; to go up and down; before and after (as in 上下文[shang4 xia4 wen2] "context"); (used after a quantity) approximately; ... or so; (in a social hierarchy) the high and the low; seniors and juniors (as in 上下和睦[shang4 xia4 he2 mu4] "harmony between superiors and subordinates"); all members of a group (as in 舉國上下|举国上下[ju3 guo2 shang4 xia4] "the entire nation"); relative superiority (as in 不相上下[bu4 xiang1 shang4 xia4] "evenly matched")
- (after a noun) between; among; amid; (used after certain bisyllabic words to form expressions indicating a short period of time, e.g. 彈指之間|弹指之间[tan2 zhi3 zhi1 jian1])
- connection; contact; relation; to get in touch with; to integrate; to link; to touch
- to constitute; to form; to compose; to make up; to configure (computing)
- everlasting; perpetual; lasting; forever; permanent
- system; organization
- to involve; implicated
- entire population; all the people (of a country or society)
- to meddle; to intervene; intervention
- (lit. and fig.) deep
- thought; thinking; idea; ideology; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to believe in (a religion); firm belief; conviction
- property; assets; estate; CL:筆|笔[bi3]
- position; post; job
- and; as well as
- lit. clothing, food, housing and transportation (idiom); fig. people's basic needs
- each; every
- country; nation; state
- to receive; to accept; to suffer; subjected to; to bear; to stand; pleasant; (passive marker); (LGBT) bottom
- inside and outside; domestic and foreign; approximately; about
- pressure
- thus
- wide and open; a flash of understanding
- to edit a picture; to modify an image; (literary) to change one's plans
- hard to avoid; difficult to escape from; will inevitably
- to bleed; to shed blood
- insurrection; rebellion
- protracted (idiom); long and drawn-out
- such things as ...; examples including ... (etc); without exception; every; any
- United Kingdom (UK); Britain
- turmoil; upheaval; unrest
- civil war
- regicide; to commit regicide
- to recover one's power or authority; restoration (of a past regime)