- to resist (an aggressor); to oppose (a menace)
- to invade
- to acquire; to get; to obtain
- additional; in addition; besides; separate; other; moreover; furthermore
- 据 jū: 据 ju1: used in 拮据[jie2 ju1]据 jù: 据 ju4: according to; to act in accordance with; to depend on; to seize; to occupy
- Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, sometimes listed as number 25 or 26 of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Zhao Erxun 趙爾巽|赵尔巽[Zhao4 Er3 xun4] in 1927 during the Northern Warlords period, 536 scrolls
- to write down; to record; written account
- Empress Dowager Cixi or Ts'u Hsi (1835-1908), regent 1861-1908
- (literary) my deceased grandfather; (literary) ancestors
- 杨 Yáng: 杨 Yang2: surname Yang杨 yáng: 杨 yang2: poplar
- 吉 jí: 吉 ji2: lucky; giga- (meaning billion or 10^9)吉 Jí: 吉 Ji2: short name for Jilin 吉林[Ji2 lin2]; surname Ji
- extravagant
- (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then; (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after; (same as 就是[jiu4 shi4]) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly; only; as little as; as much as; as many as; to approach; to move towards; to undertake; to engage in; (often followed by 著|着[zhe5]) taking advantage of; (of food) to go with; with regard to; concerning; (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就[yi1 cu4 er2 jiu4]); (pattern: 就[jiu4] ... 也[ye3] ...) even if ... still ...; (pattern: 不[bu4] ... 就[jiu4] ...) if not ... then must be ...
- to die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid; extremely; damned
- to relinquish one's grip; to let go
- down; downwards; below; lower; later; next (week etc); second (of two parts); to decline; to go down; to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc); measure word to show the frequency of an action
- (indicating that sth turns out just the opposite of what one would wish) unfortunately; as it happened; (indicating that sth is the opposite of what would be normal or reasonable) stubbornly; contrarily; against reason; (indicating that sb or a group is singled out) precisely; only; of all people
- here
- (once) again; also; both... and...; and yet; (used for emphasis) anyway
- one; single; a (article); as soon as; entire; whole; all; throughout; "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1); also pr. [yao1] for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit
- Empress Dowager Cixi or Ts'u Hsi (reigned 1861-1908)
- (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est; (after 之[zhi1]) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最[shi4 jie4 zhi1 zui4] "the greatest in the world")
- to like; to be fond of
- slave; fig. flunkey
- indeed; truly; (coll.) (used to express disapproval, annoyance etc)
- 啊 a: 啊 a5: modal particle ending sentence, showing affirmation, approval, or consent啊 ǎ: 啊 a3: interjection of surprise or doubt; Eh?; My!; what's up?啊 à: 啊 a4: interjection or grunt of agreement; uhm; Ah, OK; expression of recognition; Oh, it's you!啊 á: 啊 a2: interjection expressing doubt or requiring answer; Eh?; what?啊 ā: 啊 a1: interjection of surprise; Ah!; Oh!
- (of a snake) to wriggle along; (of a river etc) to zigzag; to meander; to wind
- to flow into; inflow
- within the borders; internal (to a country, province, city etc); domestic
- 处 chǔ: 处 chu3: to reside; to live; to dwell; to be in; to be situated at; to stay; to get along with; to be in a position of; to deal with; to discipline; to punish处 chù: 处 chu4: (bound form) place; locality; (bound form) part; aspect; (bound form) office; department; bureau; classifier for locations: spot, point
- sudden; abrupt; unexpected
- 拐 guǎi: 拐 guai3: to turn (a corner etc); to kidnap; to swindle; to misappropriate; seven (used as a substitute for 七[qi1])拐 guǎi: 拐 guai3: cane; walking stick; crutch; old man's staff
- 大 dà: 大 da4: big; large; great; older (than another person); eldest (as in 大姐[da4 jie3]); greatly; freely; fully; (dialect) father; (dialect) uncle (father's brother)大 dài: 大 dai4: see 大夫[dai4 fu5]
- to bend; bent; a bend; a turn (in a road etc); CL:道[dao4]
- to change into; to turn into; to become
- direction; strike (i.e. angle of inclination in geology); inclination; trend; to move towards; to head for
- (not only ...) but also; moreover; in addition; furthermore
- 后 hòu: 后 hou4: empress; queen; (archaic) monarch; ruler后 Hòu: 后 Hou4: surname Hou后 hòu: 后 hou4: back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later; post-
- to catch and hold on; to continue; to go on to do sth; to follow; to carry on; then; after that; subsequently; to proceed; to ensue; in turn; in one's turn
- 折 shé: 折 she2: to snap; to break (a stick, a bone etc); (bound form) to sustain a loss (in business)折 zhē: 折 zhe1: to turn sth over; to turn upside down; to tip sth out (of a container)折 zhé: 折 zhe2: to break; to fracture; to snap; to suffer loss; to bend; to twist; to turn; to change direction; convinced; to convert into (currency); discount; rebate; tenth (in price); classifier for theatrical scenes; to fold; accounts book折 zhé: 折 zhe2: to fold
- 向 xiàng: 向 xiang4: towards; to face; to turn towards; direction; to support; to side with; shortly before; formerly; always; all along; (suffix) suitable for ...; oriented to ...向 Xiàng: 向 Xiang4: surname Xiang向 xiàng: 向 xiang4: to tend toward; to guide向 xiàng: 向 xiang4: direction; orientation; to face; to turn toward; to; towards; shortly before; formerly