- to debate; to retort; to refute
- to raise; to increase; to improve
- 了 le: 了 le5: (completed action marker); (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now); (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)了 liǎo: 了 liao3: to finish; (used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4 bu5 liao3] "cannot forget"); (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无[wu2] or 不[bu4]) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least了 liǎo: 了 liao3: (of eyes) bright; clear-sighted; to understand clearly
- position; status; place; CL:個|个[ge4]
- actually; place; classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc; that which; particle introducing a relative clause or passive; CL:個|个[ge4]
- 著 zhe: 著 zhe5: aspect particle indicating action in progress or ongoing state著 zhúo: 著 zhuo2: to wear (clothes); to contact; to use; to apply著 zhāo: 著 zhao1: a move in chess (Taiwan pr. [zhuo2]); trick; tactic; (dialect) okay; all right; (dialect) to put in; to add著 zháo: 著 zhao2: to touch; to come in contact with; to feel; to be affected by; to catch fire; to burn; (coll.) to fall asleep; (after a verb) hitting the mark; succeeding in著 zhúo: 著 zhuo2: used in 執著|执著[zhi2 zhuo2]著 zhù: 著 zhu4: to make known; to show; to prove; to write; book; outstanding
- classic work (esp. Confucian classics)
- to comment; to explain
- and; to reach; up to; in time for
- 达 Dá: 达 Da2: surname Da达 dá: 达 da2: to attain; to reach; to amount to; to communicate; eminent
- words; speech; to say; to talk
- 作 zùo: 作 zuo4: to do; to engage in; to write; to compose; to pretend; to feign; to regard as; to consider to be; to be; to act the part of; to feel (itchy, nauseous etc); writings; works作 zūo: 作 zuo1: (bound form) worker; (bound form) workshop; (slang) troublesome; high-maintenance (person)
- 诗 shī: 诗 shi1: poem; CL:首[shou3]; poetry; verse诗 Shī: 诗 Shi1: abbr. for Shijing 詩經|诗经[Shi1 jing1], the Book of Songs
- ode; eulogy; to praise in writing; to wish (in letters)
- to eulogize the dead; eulogy
- 书 Shū: 书 Shu1: abbr. for 書經|书经[Shu1 jing1]书 shū: 书 shu1: book; letter; document; CL:本[ben3],冊|册[ce4],部[bu4]; to write
- joined as a string of pearls; in rapid succession; alignment; Renju, a Japanese game, also called Gomoku or five-in-a-row
- wine-drinking game
- ordinary; commonplace; mundane; temporal; of the material world (as opposed to supernatural or immortal levels); every; all; whatever; altogether; gist; outline; note of Chinese musical scale
- scholar
- 宗 zōng: 宗 zong1: school; sect; purpose; model; ancestor; clan; to take as one's model (in academic or artistic work); classifier for batches, items, cases (medical or legal), reservoirs宗 Zōng: 宗 Zong1: surname Zong
- later generations
- to be called; to be known as; to call it "..."
- scholar; Confucian
- Eastern or later Han dynasty, 25-220
- 和 hùo: 和 huo4: to mix (ingredients) together; to blend; classifier for rinses of clothes; classifier for boilings of medicinal herbs和 Hé: 和 He2: surname He和 hé: 和 he2: (joining two nouns) and; together with; with (Taiwan pr. [han4]); (math.) sum; to make peace; (sports) to draw; to tie; (bound form) harmonious; (bound form) Japan; Japanese和 hè: 和 he4: to compose a poem in reply (to sb's poem) using the same rhyme sequence; to join in the singing; to chime in with others和 hú: 和 hu2: to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards和 húo: 和 huo2: to combine a powdery substance (flour, plaster etc) with water; Taiwan pr. [huo4]
- 三 Sān: 三 San1: surname San三 sān: 三 san1: three; 3
- (bound form) a person in servitude; low-ranking subordinate; (bound form) to be subordinate to; (bound form) clerical script (the style of characters intermediate between ancient seal and modern regular characters)
- doctor (Chinese medicine); ancient official title; companions (respectful)
- 令 lǐng: 令 ling3: classifier for a ream of paper令 líng: 令 ling2: used in 脊令[ji2 ling2]; used in 令狐[Ling2 hu2] (Taiwan pr. [ling4])令 lìng: 令 ling4: to order; to command; an order; warrant; writ; to cause; to make sth happen; virtuous; honorific title; season; government position (old); type of short song or poem
- namely; that is; i.e.; prompt; at once; at present; even if; prompted (by the occasion); to approach; to come into contact; to assume (office); to draw near
- light; ray (CL:道[dao4]); bright; shiny; only; merely; used up; finished; to leave (a part of the body) uncovered
- good fortune; official salary
- (bound form) meritorious accomplishment
- (literary) salary according to rank; (literary) an official's rank; (literary) order; orderliness; (literary) decade
- 比 bǐ: 比 bi3: to compare; (followed by a noun and adjective) more {adj.} than {noun}; ratio; to gesture; (Taiwan pr. [bi4] in some compounds derived from Classical Chinese)比 Bǐ: 比 Bi3: Belgium; Belgian; abbr. for 比利時|比利时[Bi3 li4 shi2]
- in charge (of a position etc); the person in charge; responsible
- subordinate; affiliated to; subsidiary
- 中 Zhōng: 中 Zhong1: (bound form) China; Chinese; surname Zhong中 zhòng: 中 zhong4: to hit (a target); to be struck by (a bullet, illness etc); to win (a prize or lottery)中 zhōng: 中 zhong1: within; among; in; middle; center; while (doing sth); during; (dialect) OK; all right
- 郎 Láng: 郎 Lang2: surname Lang郎 láng: 郎 lang2: (arch.) minister; official; noun prefix denoting function or status; a youth
- (Ming and Qing dynasties) vice-minister of one of the Six Boards; (also an official title in earlier dynasties)
- palace; CL:座[zuo4]
- 东方 dōng fāng: 东方 dong1 fang1: east东方 Dōng fāng: 东方 Dong1 fang1: the East; the Orient; two-character surname Dongfang
- Blue Dragon, other name of the Azure Dragon 青龍|青龙 (the seven mansions of the east sky)