- 难 nán: 难 nan2: difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good难 nàn: 难 nan4: disaster; distress; to scold
- (exclamatory or interrogative particle)
- happening; instance; reason; cause; intentional; former; old; friend; therefore; hence; (of people) to die, dead
- 易 Yì: 易 Yi4: surname Yi; I Ching; Book of Changes (abbr. for 易經|易经[Yi4 jing1])易 yì: 易 yi4: easy; amiable; to change; to exchange; prefix corresponding to the English adjective suffix "-able" or "-ible"
- 纪 jì: 纪 ji4: order; discipline; age; era; period; to chronicle纪 Jǐ: 纪 Ji3: surname Ji; also pr. [Ji4]
- 书 Shū: 书 Shu1: abbr. for 書經|书经[Shu1 jing1]书 shū: 书 shu1: book; letter; document; CL:本[ben3],冊|册[ce4],部[bu4]; to write
- 叙 Xù: 叙 Xu4: abbr. for Syria 敘利亞|叙利亚[Xu4 li4 ya4]叙 xù: 叙 xu4: to narrate; to chat
- 唐 táng: 唐 tang2: to exaggerate; empty; in vain唐 Táng: 唐 Tang2: Tang dynasty (618–907); surname Tang
- 虞 Yú: 虞 Yu2: surname Yu虞 yú: 虞 yu2: (literary) to expect; to anticipate; (literary) to be concerned about; to be apprehensive; (literary) to deceive; to dupe
- -ism; only
- day; sky; heaven
- 唯 wěi: 唯 wei3: yes唯 wéi: 唯 wei2: only; alone; -ism (in Chinese, a prefix, often combined with a suffix such as 主義|主义[zhu3 yi4] or 論|论[lun4], e.g. 唯理論|唯理论[wei2 li3 lun4], rationalism)
- surname Yao; Yao or Tang Yao (c. 2200 BC), one of the Five legendary Emperors 五帝[Wu3 Di4], second son of Di Ku 帝嚳|帝喾[Di4 Ku4]
- (literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then; (bound form) standard; norm; (bound form) principle; (literary) to imitate; to follow; classifier for written items
- towering; imposing
- 成功 chéng gōng: 成功 cheng2 gong1: to succeed; success; successful; fruitful成功 Chéng gōng: 成功 Cheng2 gong1: Chenggong or Chengkung town in Taitung County 臺東縣|台东县[Tai2 dong1 Xian4], southeast Taiwan
- (bound form) shining; glowing; lustrous
- (classical particle similar to 於|于[yu2]) in; at; from; because; than; (classical final particle similar to 嗎|吗[ma5], 吧[ba5], 呢[ne5], expressing question, doubt or astonishment)
- since (used after a specified time or event)
- 载 zài: 载 zai4: to carry; to convey; to load; to hold; to fill up; and; also; as well as; simultaneously载 zǎi: 载 zai3: to record in writing; to carry (i.e. publish in a newspaper etc); Taiwan pr. [zai4]; year
- 籍 jí: 籍 ji2: (bound form) book; record; register; (bound form) place of one's family or ancestral records; (bound form) membership籍 Jí: 籍 Ji2: surname Ji
- bright; clear; manifest; to show clearly
- however; but; yet
- 斯 Sī: 斯 Si1: Slovakia; Slovak; abbr. for 斯洛伐克[Si1 luo4 fa2 ke4]斯 sī: 斯 si1: (phonetic); this
- 杨 Yáng: 杨 Yang2: surname Yang杨 yáng: 杨 yang2: poplar
- 朱 Zhū: 朱 Zhu1: surname Zhu朱 zhū: 朱 zhu1: vermilion朱 zhū: 朱 zhu1: (bound form) cinnabar
- to cry; to weep
- divergent path; (fig.) wrong path
- 墨 mò: 墨 mo4: ink stick; China ink; CL:塊|块[kuai4]; corporal punishment consisting of tattooing characters on the victim's forehead墨 Mò: 墨 Mo4: surname Mo; abbr. for 墨西哥[Mo4 xi1 ge1], Mexico
- 翟 Zhái: 翟 Zhai2: surname Zhai翟 Dí: 翟 Di2: surname Di翟 dí: 翟 di2: long-tail pheasant
- sad; sadness; sorrow; grief
- to practice; to train; to drill; to perfect (one's skill); exercise; (literary) white silk; to boil and scour raw silk
- raw silk; white; plain, unadorned; vegetarian (food); essence; nature; element; constituent; usually; always; ever
- aforementioned; above-mentioned
- down; downwards; below; lower; later; next (week etc); second (of two parts); to decline; to go down; to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc); measure word to show the frequency of an action
- (bound form) to prepare; to equip; (literary) fully; completely
- to speak; to say
- to annotate; to add a comment; explanatory note; annotation
- to open up; to set up; to establish
- people of ancient times; the ancients; extinct human species such as Homo erectus or Homo neanderthalensis; (literary) deceased person
- first; primary; initial; original; at first; initially; originally
- primal chaos (original state of the universe in Chinese mythology); (of a situation) confused; chaotic; (of a person) muddle-headed; simple-minded
- ability; talent; sb of a certain type; a capable individual; then and only then; just now; (before an expression of quantity) only; (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) really; actually
- Yang Xiong (53 BC-18 AD), scholar, poet and lexicographer, author of the first Chinese dialect dictionary 方言[Fang1 yan2]
- 法 fǎ: 法 fa3: law; method; way; to emulate; (Buddhism) dharma; (abbr. for 法家[Fa3 jia1]) the Legalists; (physics) farad (abbr. for 法拉[fa3 la1])法 Fǎ: 法 Fa3: France; French; abbr. for 法國|法国[Fa3 guo2]; Taiwan pr. [Fa4]法 fǎ: 法 fa3: law
- 重 chóng: 重 chong2: to repeat; repetition; again; re-; classifier: layer重 zhòng: 重 zhong4: heavy; serious; to attach importance to
- 黎 Lí: 黎 Li2: Li ethnic group of Hainan Province; surname Li; abbr. for Lebanon 黎巴嫩[Li2 ba1 nen4]黎 lí: 黎 li2: (literary) black; dark; many; multitude
- (the) very first