- muddy; turbid; brainless; foolish; (bound form) simple; natural; (bound form) whole; entire; all over
- 占 zhān: 占 zhan1: to observe; to divine占 zhàn: 占 zhan4: to take possession of; to occupy; to take up
- 经 jīng: 经 jing1: classics; sacred book; scripture; to pass through; to undergo; to bear; to endure; warp (textile); longitude; menstruation; channel (TCM); abbr. for economics 經濟|经济[jing1 ji4]经 Jīng: 经 Jing1: surname Jing
- to draw (e.g. a bow); to pull; to stretch sth; to extend; to lengthen; to involve or implicate in; to attract; to lead; to guide; to leave; to provide evidence or justification for; old unit of distance equal to 10 丈[zhang4], one-thirtieth of a km or 33.33 meters
- Zhang Heng (78-139) great Han dynasty astronomer and mathematician
- 注 zhù: 注 zhu4: (bound form) to pour into; to flow into; to inject; (bound form) to focus (one's spirit, gaze etc) on a single point; to concentrate; (bound form) stake (in gambling); classifier for stakes, sums of money, transactions or beams of light注 zhù: 注 zhu4: to annotate; to provide explanatory notes on a written text; an annotation; an explanatory note; (bound form) to put on record; to register
- 包 Bāo: 包 Bao1: surname Bao包 bāo: 包 bao1: to cover; to wrap; to hold; to include; to take charge of; to contract (to or for); package; wrapper; container; bag; to hold or embrace; bundle; packet; CL:個|个[ge4],隻|只[zhi1]
- 地 dì: 地 di4: earth; ground; field; place; land; CL:片[pian4]地 de: 地 de5: -ly; structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct
- as if; (just) like; just as; still; yet
- 壳 qiào: 壳 qiao4: (bound form) shell; Taiwan pr. [ke2]壳 ké: 壳 ke2: (coll.) shell (of an egg, nut, crab etc); case; casing; housing (of a machine or device)
- to wrap around; bundle; parcel; package; to press into service; to pressgang; to make off with (sth)
- 黄 huáng: 黄 huang2: yellow; pornographic; to fall through黄 Huáng: 黄 Huang2: surname Huang or Hwang
- how; what way; what
- to separate; to part
- to wait for; to await; by the time; when; till; and so on; etc.; et al.; (bound form) class; rank; grade; (bound form) equal to; same as; (used to end an enumeration); (literary) (plural suffix attached to a personal pronoun or noun)
- each; every
- 种 zhǒng: 种 zhong3: seed; species; kind; type; classifier for types, kinds, sorts种 zhòng: 种 zhong4: to plant; to grow; to cultivate
- legend; folk tale; to repeat from mouth to mouth; they say that...
- to grow; to grow up; to be brought up
- to breed
- to breed; to reproduce; to propagate
- namely; that is; i.e.; prompt; at once; at present; even if; prompted (by the occasion); to approach; to come into contact; to assume (office); to draw near
- the classics; scriptures; classical; classic (example, case etc); typical
- Han Chinese person or people
- 称 chēng: 称 cheng1: to weigh; to state; to name; name; appellation; to praise称 chèn: 称 chen4: to fit; to match; to suit; (coll.) to have; to possess; Taiwan pr. [cheng4]
- Confucian school, founded by Confucius 孔子[Kong3 zi3] (551-479 BC) and Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3] (c. 372-c. 289 BC)
- Six Classics, namely: Book of Songs 詩經|诗经[Shi1 jing1], Book of History 尚書|尚书[Shang4 shu1], Book of Rites 儀禮|仪礼[Yi2 li3], the lost Book of Music 樂經|乐经[Yue4 jing1], Book of Changes 易經|易经[Yi4 jing1], Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋[Chun1 qiu1]
- firm and substantial; solid
- reference material (used in scholarly study)
- base; foundation; basis; basic; fundamental
- to depend on; to be dependent on
- Records of the Grand Historian, by 司馬遷|司马迁[Si1 ma3 Qian1], first of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3]
- non-Han people, esp. to the East of China; barbarians; to wipe out; to exterminate; to tear down; to raze
- historical biography
- 夫 fū: 夫 fu1: husband; man; manual worker; conscripted laborer (old)夫 fú: 夫 fu2: (classical) this, that; he, she, they; (exclamatory final particle); (initial particle, introduces an opinion)
- scholar
- extremely; pole (geography, physics); utmost; top
- (bound form) abundant; plentiful; extensive; wide; to win; to gain; to play; to gamble; learned; well-read; (bound form) doctoral degree (abbr. for 博士[bo2 shi4]); (bound form) blog (abbr. for 博客[bo2 ke4])
- to follow; from; because of; due to; by; via; through; (before a noun and a verb) it is for ... to ...
- to go (in a direction); to; towards; (of a train) bound for; past; previous
- to watch; to view
- to inspect; to observe and study; on-the-spot investigation
- (bound form) idea; thought; meaning; sense; (bound form) intention; feeling; inclination; state of mind; (bound form) Italy (abbr. for 意大利[Yi4 da4 li4])
- 同 tóng: 同 tong2: like; same; similar; together; alike; with同 tòng: 同 tong4: used in 胡同[hu2 tong4]同 tòng: 同 tong4: used in 衚衕|胡同[hu2 tong4]
- 上 shàng: 上 shang4: (bound form) up; upper; above; previous; first (of multiple parts); to climb; to get onto; to go up; to attend (class or university); (directional complement) up; (noun suffix) on; above上 shǎng: 上 shang3: used in 上聲|上声[shang3 sheng1]
- sentence; clause; phrase; classifier for phrases or lines of verse