- down; downwards; below; lower; later; next (week etc); second (of two parts); to decline; to go down; to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc); measure word to show the frequency of an action
- 摩 mó: 摩 mo2: to rub摩 mā: 摩 ma1: used in 摩挲[ma1 sa5]
- 上 shǎng: 上 shang3: used in 上聲|上声[shang3 sheng1]上 shàng: 上 shang4: (bound form) up; upper; above; previous; first (of multiple parts); to climb; to get onto; to go up; to attend (class or university); (directional complement) up; (noun suffix) on; above
- capital of a country (literary)
- to aspire to the throne; to aim at (the first place etc)
- severity (of the case); degree of seriousness; whether sth is slight or serious
- (bound form) to rely on; (literary) one's mother
- four (banker's anti-fraud numeral); unrestrained; wanton; (literary) shop
- anger; indignation; hatred
- 几 jī: 几 ji1: small table几 jī: 几 ji1: (literary) almost几 jǐ: 几 ji3: how many; how much; several; a few
- to die; to lose; to be gone; to flee; deceased
- 国 gúo: 国 guo2: country; nation; state; (bound form) national国 Gúo: 国 Guo2: surname Guo
- to faint; to lose consciousness; his; her; its; their
- disaster; misfortune; calamity
- also
- very large; huge; tremendous; gigantic; (coll.) very; extremely
- all; each and every; in all cases
- matter; thing; item; work; affair; CL:件[jian4],樁|桩[zhuang1],回[hui2]
- princely
- meritorious deed or service; achievement; result; service; accomplishment; work (physics)
- 世 Shì: 世 Shi4: surname Shi世 shì: 世 shi4: life; age; generation; era; world; lifetime; epoch; descendant; noble
- the whole course of an event from beginning to end; ins and outs; the fundamental and the incidental
- to arrive; most; to; until
- 书 shū: 书 shu1: book; letter; document; CL:本[ben3],冊|册[ce4],部[bu4]; to write书 Shū: 书 Shu1: abbr. for 書經|书经[Shu1 jing1]
- bamboo and silk writing materials (before paper)
- 同 tóng: 同 tong2: like; same; similar; together; alike; with同 tòng: 同 tong4: used in 胡同[hu2 tong4]同 tòng: 同 tong4: used in 衚衕|胡同[hu2 tong4]
- maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or
- mistake; error; to miss; to harm; to delay; to neglect; mistakenly
- young generation; youth; young man
- how? (emphatic question)
- 暗 àn: 暗 an4: dark; to turn dark; secret; hidden; (literary) confused; ignorant暗 àn: 暗 an4: (literary) to close (a door); to eclipse
- (classical particle similar to 於|于[yu2]) in; at; from; because; than; (classical final particle similar to 嗎|吗[ma5], 吧[ba5], 呢[ne5], expressing question, doubt or astonishment)
- also known as
- Mr Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, attributed to famous blind historian Zuo Qiuming 左丘明[Zuo3 Qiu1 ming2]; usually called Zuo Zhuan 左傳|左传[Zuo3 Zhuan4]
- to be abbreviated to; abbreviation; short form
- Zuo Zhuan or Tsochuan, Mr Zuo's Annals or Mr Zuo's commentary on 春秋[Chun1 qiu1], early history c. 400 BC attributed to famous blind historian Zuo Qiuming 左丘明[Zuo3 Qiu1 ming2]
- 它 tā: 它 ta1: it它 tā: 它 ta1: it (pronoun for an animal)
- author; writer
- the final years (of a regime)
- person; people; CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4],名[ming2]
- Zuo Qiuming or Zuoqiu Ming (556-451), famous blind historian from Lu 魯國|鲁国[Lu3 guo2] to whom the history Zuo Zhuan 左傳|左传[Zuo3 Zhuan4] is attributed
- to exist; to be alive; (of sb or sth) to be (located) at; (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)
- nature; characteristic; CL:個|个[ge4]
- explanation; to explain; to interpret; to resolve; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to write; literary work; book; article; writings; CL:部[bu4]