- 与 yǔ: 与 yu3: (formal) and; together with (linking parallel nouns, verbs, or phrases); (formal) with; from (marking the other participant in an interaction, comparison, or contrast, e.g. 與他握手|与他握手[yu3 ta1 wo4 shou3] "shake hands with him", 與去年不同|与去年不同[yu3 qu4 nian2 bu4 tong2] "different from last year"); (literary) to give; to grant; to bestow与 yù: 与 yu4: to take part in
- Mr Gongyang's Annals or commentary on 春秋[Chun1 qiu1], early history, probably written by multiple authors during Han dynasty, same as 公羊春秋[Gong1 yang2 Chun1 qiu1]
- grain; corn
- 梁 liáng: 梁 liang2: roof beam; beam (structure); bridge梁 Liáng: 梁 Liang2: Liang Dynasty (502–557); Later Liang Dynasty (907–923); surname Liang
- common term; general term
- 三 Sān: 三 San1: surname San三 sān: 三 san1: three; 3
- to keep a record of events; record; to start to form memories (after one's infancy)
- tip; end; final stage; latter part; inessential detail; powder; dust; opera role of old man
- to add; to attach; to be close to; to be attached
- to mourn; to lament
- four; 4
- to know; to be aware
- writings; writing style
- (of descriptions, writing etc) vivid; lively
- right; correct; towards; at; for; concerning; regarding; to treat (sb a certain way); to face; (bound form) opposite; facing; matching; to match together; to adjust; to fit; to suit; to answer; to reply; to add; to pour in (a fluid); to check; to compare; classifier: couple; pair
- later generations
- historiography
- literature
- influence; effect; to influence; to affect (usually adversely); to disturb; CL:股[gu3]
- far-reaching; profound and long-lasting
- Xia Dynasty (2070-1600 BC)
- monarch; sovereign
- Records of the Grand Historian, by 司馬遷|司马迁[Si1 ma3 Qian1], first of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3]
- biographic sketch of an emperor
- 载 zǎi: 载 zai3: to record in writing; to carry (i.e. publish in a newspaper etc); Taiwan pr. [zai4]; year载 zài: 载 zai4: to carry; to convey; to load; to hold; to fill up; and; also; as well as; simultaneously
- (bound form) emperor; sovereign; supreme deity
- 启 Qǐ: 启 Qi3: Qi son of Yu the Great 禹[Yu3], reported founder of the Xia Dynasty 夏朝[Xia4 Chao2] (c. 2070-c. 1600 BC)启 qǐ: 启 qi3: to open; to start; to initiate; to enlighten or awaken; to state; to inform
- to collapse; to fall into ruins; death of king or emperor; demise
- 子 zǐ: 子 zi3: son; child; seed; egg; small thing; 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat; viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4]; ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north); subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-子 zi: 子 zi5: noun suffix, as in 椅子[yi3 zi5] "chair"
- 立 lì: 立 li4: to stand; to set up; to establish; to lay down; to draw up; at once; immediately立 Lì: 立 Li4: surname Li
- to lose; to miss; to fail
- monarch; lord; gentleman; ruler
- gaiety; gladness; glee; merriment; pleasure; happy; joyous; gay
- 越 Yuè: 越 Yue4: generic word for peoples or states of south China or south Asia at different historical periods; abbr. for Vietnam 越南越 yuè: 越 yue4: to exceed; to climb over; to surpass; the more... the more
- grade; rank; status
- Chinese language (Mandarin), emphasizing its national nature; Chinese as a primary or secondary school subject; Chinese in the context of the Nationalist Government; Guoyu, book of historical narrative c. 10th-5th century BC
- 语 yù: 语 yu4: (literary) to tell; to let (sb) know语 yǔ: 语 yu3: dialect; language; speech
- classical final particle, similar to modern 了[le5]
- 韦 Wéi: 韦 Wei2: surname Wei韦 wéi: 韦 wei2: soft leather
- bright; clear; manifest; to show clearly
- 注 zhù: 注 zhu4: (bound form) to pour into; to flow into; to inject; (bound form) to focus (one's spirit, gaze etc) on a single point; to concentrate; (bound form) stake (in gambling); classifier for stakes, sums of money, transactions or beams of light注 zhù: 注 zhu4: to annotate; to provide explanatory notes on a written text; an annotation; an explanatory note; (bound form) to put on record; to register
- Zhurong, god of fire in Chinese mythology (sometimes used allusively, as in 毀於祝融|毁于祝融[hui3 yu2 Zhu4 rong2] "destroyed by fire")
- 孙 sūn: 孙 sun1: grandson; descendant孙 Sūn: 孙 Sun1: surname Sun
- first; most important; primary; foremost