Vocabulary: 第3章 论罗马帝国崩溃后城市的兴起和发展
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- 第x1 | Chapter Rank #259(prefix indicating ordinal number, as in 第六[di4 liu4] "sixth"); (literary) grades in which successful candidates in the imperial examinations were placed; (old) residence of a high official; (literary) but; however; (literary) only; just
- 章x1 | Chapter Rank #260chapter; section; clause; movement (of symphony); seal; badge; regulation; ordersurname Zhang
- 论x1 | Chapter Rank #261opinion; view; theory; doctrine; to discuss; to talk about; to regard; to consider; per; by the (kilometer, hour etc)abbr. for 論語|论语[Lun2 yu3], The Analects (of Confucius)
- 罗马帝国x4 | Chapter Rank #66Roman Empire
- 崩溃x2 | Chapter Rank #140to collapse; to crumble; to fall apart
- 后x4 | Chapter Rank #67empress; queen; (archaic) monarch; rulersurname Houback; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later; post-
- 城市x26 | Chapter Rank #4city; town; CL:座[zuo4]
- 的x161 | Chapter Rank #1of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis); (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的[pi2 ge2 de5] "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的|跑堂儿的[pao3 tang2 r5 de5] "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的[xin1 de5] "new one"); also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songsa taxi; a cab (abbr. for 的士[di1 shi4])really and truly(bound form) bull's-eye; target
- 兴起x2 | Chapter Rank #141to rise; to spring up; to burgeon; to be aroused; to come into vogue
- 和x27 | Chapter Rank #3to combine a powdery substance (flour, plaster etc) with water; Taiwan pr. [huo4]surname He(joining two nouns) and; together with; with (Taiwan pr. [han4]); (math.) sum; to make peace; (sports) to draw; to tie; (bound form) harmonious; (bound form) Japan; Japaneseto compose a poem in reply (to sb's poem) using the same rhyme sequence; to join in the singing; to chime in with othersto complete a set in mahjong or playing cardsto mix (ingredients) together; to blend; classifier for rinses of clothes; classifier for boilings of medicinal herbs
- 发展x5 | Chapter Rank #49development; growth; to develop; to grow; to expand
- 国王x16 | Chapter Rank #10king
- 开始x5 | Chapter Rank #50to begin; beginning; to start; initial; CL:個|个[ge4]
- 向x4 | Chapter Rank #68towards; to face; to turn towards; direction; to support; to side with; shortly before; formerly; always; all along; (suffix) suitable for ...; oriented to ...surname Xiangto tend toward; to guidedirection; orientation; to face; to turn toward; to; towards; shortly before; formerly
- 城市居民x12 | Chapter Rank #16
- 征收x2 | Chapter Rank #142to levy (a tax); to expropriate
- 人头税x6 | Chapter Rank #40poll tax
- 继而x1 | Chapter Rank #262then; afterwards
- 又x3 | Chapter Rank #94(once) again; also; both... and...; and yet; (used for emphasis) anyway
- 永久性x4 | Chapter Rank #69permanent
- 地x5 | Chapter Rank #51-ly; structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunctearth; ground; field; place; land; CL:片[pian4]
- 包x5 | Chapter Rank #52to cover; to wrap; to hold; to include; to take charge of; to contract (to or for); package; wrapper; container; bag; to hold or embrace; bundle; packet; CL:個|个[ge4],隻|只[zhi1]surname Bao
- 给x4 | Chapter Rank #70to supply; to provideto; for; for the benefit of; to give; to allow; to do sth (for sb); (grammatical equivalent of 被); (grammatical equivalent of 把); (sentence intensifier)
- 市民x13 | Chapter Rank #14city resident; townspeople
- 代征x3 | Chapter Rank #95
- 因而x2 | Chapter Rank #143therefore; as a result; thus; and as a result, ...
- 成为x4 | Chapter Rank #71to become; to turn into
- 自由x17 | Chapter Rank #8freedom; liberty; free; unrestricted
- 市x2 | Chapter Rank #144market; city; municipality (administrative unit); (literary) to trade; to buy and sell goods
- 成x3 | Chapter Rank #96surname Cheng; short name for Chengdu 成都[Cheng2 du1]to succeed; to finish; to complete; to accomplish; to become; to turn into; to be all right; OK!; one tenth
- 了x24 | Chapter Rank #5(completed action marker); (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now); (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)to finish; (used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4 bu5 liao3] "cannot forget"); (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无[wu2] or 不[bu4]) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least(of eyes) bright; clear-sighted; to understand clearly
- 或x9 | Chapter Rank #24maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or
- 商人x6 | Chapter Rank #41merchant; businessman
- 正是x3 | Chapter Rank #97is precisely
- 这些x11 | Chapter Rank #17these
- 推动x1 | Chapter Rank #263to push (e.g. for acceptance of a plan); to promote; to give impetus to
- 商业x2 | Chapter Rank #145business; trade; commerce
- 不断x1 | Chapter Rank #264unceasing; uninterrupted; continuous; constant
- 向前x1 | Chapter Rank #265forward; onward
- 古代x1 | Chapter Rank #266ancient times
- 希腊x2 | Chapter Rank #146Greece
- 意大利共和国x1 | Chapter Rank #267
- 早期x1 | Chapter Rank #268early period; early phase; early stage
- 居民x14 | Chapter Rank #12resident; inhabitant
- 主要x2 | Chapter Rank #147main; principal; major; primary
- 由x7 | Chapter Rank #31to follow; from; because of; due to; by; via; through; (before a noun and a verb) it is for ... to ...
- 地主x2 | Chapter Rank #148landlord; landowner; host
- 构成x1 | Chapter Rank #269to constitute; to form; to compose; to make up; to configure (computing)
- 他们x19 | Chapter Rank #7they; them
- 分割x1 | Chapter Rank #270to cut up; to break up
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