- Xu Guangqi (1562-1633), agricultural scientist, astronomer, and mathematician in the Ming dynasty
- Li Zhi (1527-1602), late Ming philosopher, historian and writer
- 明朝 Míng cháo: 明朝 Ming2 chao2: Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)明朝 míng zhāo: 明朝 ming2 zhao1: tomorrow morning; the following morning
- to sacrifice; to offer libation to
- Confucian temple
- the not-very-distant past; modern times, excluding recent decades; (in the context of Chinese history) the period from the Opium Wars until the May 4th Movement (mid-19th century to 1919); capitalist times (pre-1949)
- Kang Youwei (1858-1927), Confucian intellectual, educator and would-be reformer, main leader of the failed reform movement of 1898
- Liang Qichao (1873-1929), influential journalist and a leader of the failed reform movement of 1898
- Zhang Taiyan (1869-1936), scholar, journalist, revolutionary and leading intellectual around the time of the Xinhai revolution
- Dr Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), first president of the Republic of China and co-founder of the Guomintang 國民黨|国民党; same as 孫逸仙|孙逸仙
- fourth of May, cf 五四運動|五四运动, national renewal movement that started with 4th May 1919 protest against the Treaty of Versailles
- 时 Shí: 时 Shi2: surname Shi时 shí: 时 shi2: o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period
- Chen Duxiu (1879-1942), co-founder of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921
- none lacking; none missing; everything is there; everyone without exception
- to absorb; to draw (a lesson, insight etc); to assimilate
- human nature; humanity; human; the totality of human attributes
- to liberate; to emancipate; liberation; refers to the Communists' victory over the Nationalists in 1949; CL:次[ci4]
- self-respect; self-esteem; ego; pride
- to last forever; eternal; enduring
- academic circles; academia
- extremely
- huge; great; grand; worthy of the greatest admiration; important (contribution etc)
- 和 hùo: 和 huo4: to mix (ingredients) together; to blend; classifier for rinses of clothes; classifier for boilings of medicinal herbs和 Hé: 和 He2: surname He和 hé: 和 he2: (joining two nouns) and; together with; with (Taiwan pr. [han4]); (math.) sum; to make peace; (sports) to draw; to tie; (bound form) harmonious; (bound form) Japan; Japanese和 hè: 和 he4: to compose a poem in reply (to sb's poem) using the same rhyme sequence; to join in the singing; to chime in with others和 hú: 和 hu2: to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards和 húo: 和 huo2: to combine a powdery substance (flour, plaster etc) with water; Taiwan pr. [huo4]
- (literary) distinguished service and achievement
- lit. to draw blood on the first prick (idiom); fig. to hit the nail on the head
- 地 dì: 地 di4: earth; ground; field; place; land; CL:片[pian4]地 de: 地 de5: -ly; structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct
- to indicate; to point out
- Japan
- (political) reform; revitalization; modernization
- to lead the way; guide; forerunner; pioneer
- to exclaim in admiration
- it is exactly as
- Meiji Restoration (Japan, 1868)
- to arise; to come into being; to come about; to give rise to; to bring into being; to bring about; to produce; to engender; to generate
- great; important; major; significant
- 数 shǔ: 数 shu3: to count; to count as; to regard as; to enumerate; to list数 shù: 数 shu4: number; figure; several; a few数 shùo: 数 shuo4: (literary) frequently; repeatedly
- not completely; endlessly
- statesman; politician; CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4],名[ming2]
- entrepreneur
- to honor sb as a God (idiom); to revere; to worship; to deify; to make a holy cow of sth; to put sb on a pedestal
- 倒 dǎo: 倒 dao3: to fall; to collapse; to lie horizontally; to fail; to go bankrupt; to overthrow; to change (trains or buses); to move around; to resell at a profit倒 dào: 倒 dao4: to invert; to place upside down or frontside back; to pour out; to tip out; to dump; inverted; upside down; reversed; to go backward; contrary to what one might expect; but; yet
- 幕 mù: 幕 mu4: curtain or screen; canopy or tent; headquarters of a general; act (of a play)幕 mù: 幕 mu4: curtain; screen
- leader
- 盛 chéng: 盛 cheng2: to hold; to contain; to ladle; to pick up with a utensil盛 shèng: 盛 sheng4: flourishing; vigorous; magnificent; extensively盛 Shèng: 盛 Sheng4: surname Sheng