- to collapse; to disintegrate; to crumble; to disrupt; to break up
- only have ...; there is only ...; (used in combination with 才[cai2]) it is only if ... (that one can ...) (as in 只有通過治療才能痊愈|只有通过治疗才能痊愈[zhi3 you3 tong1 guo4 zhi4 liao2 cai2 neng2 quan2 yu4] "the only way to cure it is with therapy"); it is only (someone) who ... (as in 只有男性才有此需要[zhi3 you3 nan2 xing4 cai2 you3 ci3 xu1 yao4] "only men would have such a requirement"); (used to express lack of alternatives) can only; have no choice but to (as in 只有屈服[zhi3 you3 qu1 fu2] "the only thing you can do is give in")
- identity; aspect of one's identity (e.g. mayor, father, permanent resident); role; capacity (as in "in his capacity as ..." 以[yi3] + ... + 的身份[de5 shen1 fen4]); status (social, legal etc); position; rank
- position; status; place; CL:個|个[ge4]
- prospects; future outlook; journey
- similar; analogous
- Russia
- ordinary people; commoner (contrasted with the privileged); civilian (contrasted with the military)
- Nikolai Chernyshevsky
- 大都 Dà dū: 大都 Da4 du1: Dadu, capital of China during the Yuan Dynasty (1280-1368), modern day Beijing大都 dà dōu: 大都 da4 dou1: for the most part; on the whole; also pr. [da4 du1]大都 dà dū: 大都 da4 du1: for the most part; on the whole; metropolitan
- monk
- descendant; progeny; posterity; later ages; later generations
- in the capacity of; as
- to be in (some state, position, or condition)
- to marginalize; marginalization
- way; route; road
- if; if one were to say
- 还 Huán: 还 Huan2: surname Huan还 hái: 还 hai2: still; still in progress; still more; yet; even more; in addition; fairly; passably (good); as early as; even; also; else还 huán: 还 huan2: to pay back; to return
- cannot; must not; should not
- to calculate; to figure out; to include; to count in; to count; to be valid; to carry weight; to regard as; to consider (to be ...)
- strict; stringent; tight; rigorous
- 上 shǎng: 上 shang3: used in 上聲|上声[shang3 sheng1]上 shàng: 上 shang4: (bound form) up; upper; above; previous; first (of multiple parts); to climb; to get onto; to go up; to attend (class or university); (directional complement) up; (noun suffix) on; above
- scholar
- the New Culture Movement (mid-1910s and 1920s), intellectual revolution against Confucianism aiming to introduce Western elements, especially democracy and science
- among; in the middle; in the center
- to be born
- generally speaking
- youth; youthful years; young person; the young
- to establish; to found
- sign; mark; symbol; logo; to symbolize; to indicate; to mark
- original; former; originally; formerly; at first; so, actually, as it turns out
- (idiom) unknown; unrenowned
- distant; by far
- to fall short of; not as good as; too late
- The Commercial Press, Beijing (est. 1897)
- to take care of (a matter); to deal with (a task, procedure etc); to organize (an event); to establish; to set up; to manage; to run (an enterprise); (law) to handle; to investigate; to prosecute (a case or suspect); (bound form) office (as in 招辦|招办[zhao1 ban4], admissions office) (abbr. for 辦公室|办公室[ban4 gong1 shi4])
- 东方 Dōng fāng: 东方 Dong1 fang1: the East; the Orient; two-character surname Dongfang东方 dōng fāng: 东方 dong1 fang1: east
- Chen Duxiu (1879-1942), co-founder of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921
- Peking University
- to hold a governmental office or post; to assume office of; to take charge of; to serve as
- 文 wén: 文 wen2: language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle; (old) classifier for coins; Kangxi radical 67文 Wén: 文 Wen2: surname Wen
- science; scientific knowledge; scientific; rational; CL:門|门[men2],個|个[ge4],種|种[zhong3]
- 长 cháng: 长 chang2: long; (bound form) length; (bound form) strong point; forte; (bound form) to be good at; (literary) surplus; spare (Taiwan pr. [zhang4])长 zhǎng: 长 zhang3: chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop; to increase; to enhance
- Peking University (abbr. for 北京大學|北京大学)
- genuine; real; true; really; indeed